12.1 - Theories About Acids & Bases

• Jabir Ibn-Hayyan

  developed techniques of crystallisation and distillation and used them to discover H2SO4, HCl and HNO3
• properties of acids

  solutions have a sour taste

  tend to corrode metals

  change the colour of indicators
• Arrhenius's theory

  discovered that acids dissociate in water and used it to distinguish between strong and weak acids
• what does it mean that acids dissociate?

  they form ions in solution
• arrhenius's definition of an acid

  a compound that could produce H+ when dissolved in water
• arrhenius's definition of an alkali

  a compound that could produce OH- when dissolved in water
• reactions of acids with metals

  Mg + 2H+ -> Mg2+ + H2
• reaction of acids with carbonates

  CO3^2- + 2H+ -> CO2 + H2O
• reaction of acids with bases

  O2- + 2H+ -> H2O
• bronsted-lowry theory

  describes acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors