polysaccharides

• polysaccharides 


  sugar polymers containing more than 20 or so monosaccharides
• homopolysaccharides


  contain only one single type of monomer
• heteropolysaccharides


  contain two or more different kinds
• starch


  contain two types of glucose polymer. stored in plants
• amylose


  unbranched chains of D-glucose residues connected by a1 to 4 linkages
• amylopectin 


  has a high molecular weight up to one million, and highly branched
• glycogen 


  main storage polysaccharide of animal cell.
• glycogen


  more extensively branched on average 8-12 and more compact than starch
• glycogen abundant in liver
• dextrans

  bacteria and yeast polysaccharides made up of 1a to 6 linked poly-D-glucose
• cellulose

  fibrous, tough, water insoluable substance is found in the cell wall of the plants
• cellulose

  constitutes as much as mass of the wood an cotton is almost pure cellulose linked by b1 to 4 glycosidic bonds
• chitin

  linear homopolysaccharide composed of N-acetyl glucosamine
• chitin

  principal component of exoskeleton
• chitosan

  substance produced from the chitin of crustacean shells
• chitosan

  reduce the fat or cholesterol that the body absorbs from foods
• chitosan

  helps in blood clotting, and has antimicobacterial property
• agar

  mixture of sulfated heteropolysaccharides made up of D-galactose and L-galactose derivative ether-linked between C-2 and C-6
• heteropolysaccharides

  glycosaminoglycan is a family of linear polymers composed of repeating disaccharide
• hyaluronic acid (glycosaminoglycan)

  contains alternating residues of D-glucuronic acid and N=acetylglucosamine
• hyaluronic acid


  clear, highly viscous solution that serves as lubricants in synovial fluid of joint and give vitreous humor of the vertebrate
• hyaluronate


  extracellular matric cartilage and tendons to which contributes tensile strength and elasticity
• glycosaminoglycan 


  has shorter polymers, covalently linked to specific proteins .
• chondroitin sulfate (cartilage)


  contribute to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligament, and walls of the aorta
• dermatan sulfate (skin)


  contribute to the pliability of skin and also present in the blood vessels and hear valves
• heparin 


  variable sulfated with and average of 2.5 sulfate residues per disaccharide iunit. makes it the most highly charged polymer in mammalian
• heparin


  exclusively in the intercellular granules of the mast cells that occur in the arterial wall
• heparin


  inhibits the clotting of blood to prevent runaway clot formation
• Heparan sulfate


  ubiquitous cell surface component as well as an extracellular substance in blood vessel walls and brain . fewer N- and O-sulfate groups and more on N=acetyl groups
• Pectin


  major component of cell walls, function shock as absorber
• heterogenous polysaccharides with a core of a (1 to 4) linked Galacturone residues interested with hexose rhamnose
• pectin has a tendency to form high hydrated gels an is exploited in the manufacture of jams and jellies
• carbohydrates


  on cell surface are some of the best known immunochemical markers
• ABO Blood group


  they are antigens of oligosaccharide components if glyoproteins