BIO

• Haploid cell (daughter cell)- 23 chromosome
• • Diploid - 46 chromosomes
• Sex cells - 2 times meiosis
• Fertilization (egg & sperm cells) = 46 chromosomes
• Spermatogenesis (sperm production) - Process of meiosis as it takes place in the testes
• Testes - Site of sperm production
• Testes - Has lobes that contains seminiferous tubules
• Seminiferous tubules - Contains spermatogonia/spermatogonium
• Seminiferous tubules - Made up of stem cell of sperm cells that forms spermatid
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - Secreted by anterior pituitary gland
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - Initiates sperm production (the sperm is not yet viable)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - Stimulates seminiferous tubule to create spermatogonium
• 1 spermatogonium produces 4 viable sperm cells
• Viable means - 23 chromosome, can fertilize egg
• Testosterone - Helps in the maturity of sperm 
• Testosterone - 2nd male characteristics
• Testosterone - Secreted by testes but it will not secrete testosterone without luteinizing hormone
• Luteinizing hormone - From anterior pituitary gland
• Luteinizing hormone - Targets testes that secrete testosterone from sperm cell maturity
• Inhibin - Decrease secretion of FSH
• Puberty - Start of production (sperm)
• Note: sperm does not diminish, it only become fewer
• Oogenesis - Process of meiosis for egg cell formation
• 1 oocyte = 1 mature Ovum, the rest is insignificant
• Ovum - every cycle (28 days)
• Note: ovum production is not continuous, there are certain numbers only, if it ran out = menopause (30-40yrs)
• Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) chromosome
• Down syndrome - Problem in 21st chromosome
• Down syndrome - Should only be 2, but becomes 3
• Down syndrome - Problem in the egg cell, meiotic division of women
• Meiotic division - the chromosome did not separate
• Down syndrome - Causes mental retardation, heart defects, short stature, slanted eyes, flat facial profile, small ears, protruding tongue, single crease palm, poor muscle tone, weak immune system, leukemia, Alzheimer's disease
• Sperm cells have 23 chromosomes
• Fertilization - sperm + egg = zygote
• Male anatomy has 2 sets of organs
• Internal reproductive organ

  • Glands
  • Ducts
  • Gonads
• External genitalia

  • Penis
  • Scrotum
• Head - Contain 23 chromosome
• Head - Envelopes the head of sperm cell
• Acrosome - like lysosome, has a digestive enzyme that punctures egg cells