RESEARCH

• • Gets read first.

  • The most concise summary of the main point of your paper should contain all the key

  elements of your study.

  • 100 characters and spaces or less

  Title
• The abstract, often the second-most read part of your paper, provides a concise summary of the study's key results. Typically 150 to 200 words, it outlines the background, objectives, methodology, and main findings.

  Abstract
• • significant terms or concepts related to the research study

  • placed below the abstract

  • maximum number of keywords are 5

  Keywords
• Summarizing the "What's and Why's" involves selecting and defining the problem, its contexts, and highlighting relevant questions, issues, and observations. It aims to identify gaps in existing knowledge and incorporates literature reviews related to the study.

  Situation analysis/ Background of the study
• This section presents the key theories and concepts that form the foundation of the study. Derived from literature reviews, it incorporates theories, abstracts, concepts, and variables to explain and predict the observed phenomenon.

  Framework of the Study
• In this section, list and visually represent the theories/concepts, ideally in a diagram illustrating their interconnections and relevance to the study. Synthesize these theories to provide a clear foundation for the research, leading towards the research paradigm. This paradigm should comprehensively demonstrate the interplay of variables under study and guide the research direction.

  Framework of the Study
• the general objective/problem and specific objectives/problems.

  Statement of the Problem
• problem is cascaded from the title and stated in declarative form.


  General objective
• problems concretize the construct into manageable units. They are in interrogative form.


  Specific objective
• Contains terms relevant in understanding the study Definition may be conceptual or taken from the dictionaryWhen the term has a peculiar use in the study or requires more specific definition, an operational definition is used.


  Definition of terms
• Specify the general method and specific design used in the research. Must include an explanation of the selected design and a justification of its appropriateness in relation to the objectives/ problems of the research and data to be

  gathered.

  Research Design
• Identify the population of the study and samples

  Data Sources
• Present the description and profiling of your respondents/ subjects in terms of number and demographic

  characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, etc.) except when such is part of the Statement of the Problem.

  Data Sources
• If the study is technical, include the list of materials with corresponding units of measure. Present them in the order of use in the conduct of the experiment/study.

  Materials and Procedures
• This section outlines the instruments employed in the study, such as questionnaires, tests, interview schedules, or observation checklists. It elaborates on the processes involved in adopting, modifying, or developing these instruments, ensuring their validity and reliability. Additionally, it justifies the selection of these data collection tools.

  Instrumentation and Data Collection
• This section specifies the statistical tools utilized for data analysis, such as frequency counts, percentages, means, t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, Pearson's r, etc. It also outlines the selection criteria, including both inclusion and exclusion criteria, used to determine the eligibility of subjects for the study.

  Data Analysis
• In this section, present your research data factually, avoiding fabrication, which is unethical. Break down the data into component parts and organize them in appropriate categories, such as chronological, climactic, or logically-linked. Condense the data into understandable and interpretable forms to facilitate the study of relationships between the research problem and their intended answers.

  RESULTS
• Explain the trends of data. Why did the results came out as such?

  Make interpretations, implications, and inferences to enhance the meaning of the data.

  DISCUSSION
• This section formulates generalizations for the population and circumstances based on the collected evidence. The number of conclusions should correspond to the specific findings outlined in the introduction. Present conclusions in a list format without repeating phrases used in the Results and Discussion sections. This section does not include numerical or statistical presentations.

  CONCLUSION
• As the researcher, you express here your gratitude to significant individuals who provide

  you support all throughout the conduct of the research.

  Use formal language in a narrative form using third person point of view.

  Avoid the use of pictures or graphics.

  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• This section allows your reader to observe the scope of investigation behind the report.

  Locating and retrieval of the full bibliographic information of the materials cited in the text.

  Each source cited must appear in the reference list and vice versa.

  • APA (American Psychological Association) Style.


  REFERENCES
• This section ensures the validity and truthfulness of the research evidence presented in the text. It may include materials like maps, elaborate graphs, computer printouts, samples of instruments, illustrative materials such as score tests and computation sheets, and relevant documents like laws or legal discussions. Each item in the appendix should be labeled with uppercase (e.g., APPENDIX A) and titled in title case (single-spaced). Coding should use alphabetic characters only (A-Z; AAZZ), with no alphanumeric or decimal coding.


  APPENDICES