Migration

• Migration

  • is the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, voluntary or forced, at a new location (geographic region).
• UN Migration Agency (IOM)

  • any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a state away from his/her habitual place of residence.
• International Migration

  • is the permanent transfer of residence from one country to another.
• International Migration

  • is the change of residence over national boundaries.
• Classification of International Migrants

  1. Legal migrants
  2. Illegal migrants
  3. Refugees
• Internal Migration

  refers to a change of residence within national boundaries, such as between states, provinces, cities, or municipalities.
• Internal Migrant

  • an example of this is the ongoing migration of people from rural areas to cities.
• Circular Migration

  • is a temporary movement of a person.
• Circular Migration

  • the change in residence is temporary due to work or study, but the migrant will definitely return his home community.
• Forced Migration

  • exist when a person is moved against his will, such as slave, or when the moved is initiated because of external factors like natural disaster or civil war.
• Transnational Migration

  • refers to the movement of people across national borders, involving the establishment of social, economic, and cultural connections that transcend their countries of origin and destination.
• Unlike international migration patterns where individuals permanently settle in a new country, transnational migrants maintain multiple ties and engagements with both their home country and the country they migrate to.
• Factors that influence Migration Patterns

  1. Economic factors - job opportunities, wages and living standards.
  2. Social factors - education, health care and quality of life.
  3. Political factors - conflicts, wars, government policies.
  4. Environmental factors - natural disasters, climate change.
• Push Factor

  • are the things going on in their place of residence that make people want to leave.
  • it includes:

  1. Extreme weather - droughts, which can affect things like agriculture
  2. Lack of economic or social opportunities - work, school
  3. Lack of safety - war, the threat to life, persecution
• Pull Factor

  • include moving to a place because of something good, such as a nicer climate, more job opportunities, or a better food supply.
  • it includes:

  1. Improved job or economic opportunities - income, skills
  2. Better healthcare
  3. Equality - gender
  4. Better political conditions - stability