AP EURO Unit 7

• The idea of the nation-state came to dominate Europe during the period 1815-1914
• The lines separating countries on a map are made up by powerful people and did not really become a thing until the 1815-1914 period
• Nationalism


  A feeling of strong identification with one's own people and cultural heritage, strengthened by shared history and language
• Nation-state


  • Consists of the nation (people who share language and culture) and the state (the land they live on with borders and government)
• Nationalism caused more Europeans to demand their own state where they live with their own people
• How nationalism gripped people

  1. Romantic idealism (glorifying people's past)

  2. Liberal reform (boosting economy, universal male suffrage)

  3. Movements of political unification

  4. Growing racialism (idea of one race being superior)
• Racialism


  The idea that one race is superior to another
• Positive side of racialism


  • Pan-Slavic movement in Eastern and Central Europe
• Negative side of racialism

  • Anti-Semitism
• Anti-Semitism


  Racist beliefs against the Jewish people
• Key event that helped spark anti-Semitism

  • The Dreyfus Affair in France
• Zionism


  Jewish nationalist movement to defend against anti-Semitism and establish a homeland in Palestine
• Conservatism reigned supreme across Europe in the 19th century
• Conservative leaders who used nationalism

  • Napoleon III in France
  • Otto von Bismarck in Prussia
• Bismarck intentionally provoked wars to rile up German nationalism and achieve German unification
• The compromise to stabilize the Austrian Empire after 1848 was the creation of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary