ionic bonding

• Ions are particles that have an imbalance in the number of positive protons and negative electrons.
• positive ions

  A) Positive ions are formed when metals lose electron

  
• Atoms gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell which helps them become more stable
• negative ions

  A) Negative ions are formed when non-metals gain electrons

  
• In positive ions there are more positive protons than negative electrons
• In negative Ions there are less positive protons than negative electrons
• Transition metals, like all metals, will lose electrons to form positive ions.
• Most transition metals can make more than one type of ion by losing different numbers of electrons. The number of electrons lost is shown using roman numerals after the name of the metal.
• The Roman numeral (III) in the compound name tells us that the atom has lost three electrons to form an ion with a 3+ charge.
• An ionic bond is between metal and non-metal atoms. It is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
• Ionic bonds are formed by metal atoms ‘donating’ electrons to non-metal atoms. This forms positive and negative ions which are then attracted to each other.
• An ----- ------- is a giant three-dimensional structure that is made up of oppositely charged ions.

  A) Ionic Lattice

  B) metal

  C) non metal

  
• ionic bonds have high melting and boiling points as they contain strong ionic bonds which must be broken in order to change state
• ionic copounds cannot conduct as a solid - they have charged particles but they are not free to move.
• inonic compounds can conduct as a liquid or in solution as their charged particles (ions) are free to move towards oppositely charged electrodes.
• Ionic compunds are soluble in water as they dissolve the lattice structure breaks up so the ions can move and be surrounded by water molecules.