IBALOI CULTURE

• Which indigenous group in the Cordillera resisted Spanish Christianization for almost 300 years?

  Ibaloy
• What does the word "Ibaloy" mean?

  People who live in houses
• What does the prefix "i-" in Ibaloy signify?


  Pertaining to
• What does the root word "baloy" in Ibaloy mean?

  House
• What phrase expresses the Ibaloy belief regarding their existence and ancestral domain?

  Land is Life
• Who are the Ibaloy ancestors believed to have cursed descendants for selling ancestral land?

  Inapo
• What is the assembly of actions using objects and materials to communicate with spirits called?

  Ritual
• What is the socio-religious ritual involving animal sacrifice and thanksgiving to Kabunyan?

  Cañao
• Who presides over all religious rituals and recites prayers or bunong?

  Mambunong
• What does the term "bunong" mean?

  Prayers
• Who is the supreme deity worshipped by the Ibaloy?

  Kabunyan
• What are the supernatural beings that the Ibaloy believe have power over humans called?

  Anito
• What is the modern venue where Cañao is celebrated?

  Baengan (host’s abode)
• What does the act of "Reads the Signs" involve in a ritual?

  Calling the family and preparing offerings
• What is the traditional feast that expresses gratitude to God and community called?

  Feast
• What is the traditional Ibaloy dance performed during grand feasts?

  Tayaw
• What are the traditional musical instruments used in Tayaw?

  Gangsa, Solibao, Kimbal, Tik-tik
• What are the blankets that can only be used by someone who experienced grand Cañao called?

  Shindi and Sarong
• What are the large cauldrons used to cook meat during feasts called?

  Silyasis
• What term refers to the meat portions distributed after feasts?

  Watwat
• What term refers to coffee shared during rituals?

  Kapi
• Who is the person that butchers the animals during rituals?

  Lead Butcher
• Who studied Ibaloy religious beliefs in Tublay, Benguet?

  Patricia Afable
• What are the two categories of "superhuman beings" in Ibaloy belief?

  Beings in the Upper World; Beings in the World Around Us
• What is the Ibaloy term for beings in the upper world?

  Suta warad naykayang
• What are beings in the world around humans known as?

  Spirits
• What are malevolent spirits known to cause harm or illness called?

  Amdag, Ampasit, Timungaw, Pasang
• What spirit represents the supernatural counterpart of humans that travels to Mount Pulag?

  Kedaring
• What is the highest peak in Luzon and third highest in the Philippines?

  Mount Pulag
• What is the ritual pattern followed by Ibaloy death practices?

  Rites of Passage
• What material is used to make the "karing," worn by children of the deceased?

  Maguey or Abaca
• What is the purpose of the "karing"?

  Identifies children of the deceased during the wake
• What is the Ibaloy term meaning "ground" or "earth," related to burial rites?

  Bo-day
• What does the term "i-bo-day" mean?

  To bring or take something outside
• What does the term "on-bo-day" mean?

  To rise or be born
• What is the ceremony performed before dressing the body in burial clothes called?

  Sha-dop / Da-nop ni Dopa
• What phrase is spoken during the washing-of-the-face ritual?

  "Kala man-sha-dop/da-nop say mapteng ngo la e aspul shima dagwanmo."
• What is the wooden coffin used in traditional Ibaloy burial called?

  Kolong
• What is the death chair used to prop up the deceased called?

  Aradan
• What is the wooden structure functioning as a ladder for the spirit’s ascent called?

  Bangkilay