Lipids

• What bonds do lipids form?

  Ester bonds
• What are triglycerides formed from and state their solubility in water and their polarity?

  1 glycerol

  3 fatty acids

  3 condensation reactions

  3 waters

  3 ester bonds

  They are hydrophobic and non-polar
• What are phospholipids formed from and state their solubility in water and their polarity? [8]

  1 glycerol

  1 phosphate group

  2 fatty acids

  2 condensation reactions

  2 waters

  2 ester bonds

  They have hydrophobic and nonpolar fatty acid tail

  They have a hydrophilic and polar phosphate head
• Hydrocarbon chains in fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated, what's the difference?

  Saturated fatty acid chains don't contain C=C bonds and can't accept more hydrogens

  Unsaturated fatty acid chains do contain C=C bonds and thus can accept more hydrogens
• What do all fatty acids (RCOOH) contain?

  A carboxyl group, an R group and a hydrocarbon chain which varies in its length
• Give the equation for the hydrolysis of a triglyceride and what enzyme hydrolyses the bonds?

  Triglyceride + Water --> Fatty acid + monoglycerol

  Triglyceride + 2Water --> 2 Fatty acid + diglycerol.

  Triglyceride + 3Water --> 3 Fatty acid + glycerol.

  Lipase hydrolyses these bonds
• Explain the difference between the terms: triglyceride and phospholipid

  A triglyceride has three fatty acids

  Phospholipids have one phosphate group that replaces one of the fatty acids
• Why are triglycerides not considered polymers?

  Polymers are made of many repeating units (monomers) but a triglyceride is made of several components