Unit 2.1

• motivation: the facts that influence the behaviour of employees towards achieving set business goals
• labour productivity: measure of the efficiency of employees by calculating the output per employee
• absenteeism: employees non attendance at work without good reason
• labour turnover: the rate at which employees leave a busines
• physical needs: basic needs we must have to be able to survive, includes water, shelter, food, clothing and rest
• Motivation


  The factors that influence the behaviour of employees towards achieving set business goals
• Labour productivity


  Measure of the efficiency of employees by calculating the output per employee
• Absenteeism


  Employees' non-attendance at work without good reason
• Labour turnover


  The rate at which employees leave a business
• Physical needs


  • Water
  • Food
  • Shelter
  • Clothing
  • Rest
• Safety needs


  Individuals need to know that they have job security
• Social needs


  Most people want to be accepted by others and to feel that they are loved and trusted. It is important to have friends and belong to a group where social activities can be shared and enjoyed together.
• Esteem needs


  Individuals want to be respected and to have their achievements recognised by others. For some people, having a certain status is also an important need.
• Self-actualisation


  Not everyone will reach their full potential, but for some individuals it is a very important need. Even the most successful people rarely achieve self-actualisation because they will always set themselves another challenge.
• Piece-rate


  Paying employees for each unit produced
• Hygiene factors


  The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction
• Motivators


  The factors that influence a person to increase their efforts
• Job dissatisfaction


  Unhappiness and discontent with one's job
• Financial rewards


  • Hourly wage rate
  • Salary
  • Commission
  • Bonus
  • Performance-related pay
• Non-financial rewards


  • Fringe benefits
  • Profit sharing
• Job rotation


  Increasing variety in the workplace by allowing employees to switch from one task to another
• Job enlargement


  Increasing or widening tasks to increase variety for employees
• Job enrichment


  Organising work so that employees are encouraged to use their full abilities
• Job satisfaction


  How happy and content person is with their job
• Quality circles


  Groups of employees who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems
• Team working


  Organising production so that groups of employees complete the whole unit of work