Unit 2.2

• Delegation


  Passing responsibility to perform tasks to employees lower down in the organisation
• Organisational structure


  The formal, internal framework of a business that shows how it is managed and organised
• Functional departments


  The main activities of business: finance, marketing, operations, human resources and research and development
• Hierarchy


  The number of levels in an organisational structure
• Level of hierarchy


  Managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation or a level of authority in a business structure
• Chain of command


  The route through which authority is passed down through an organisation
• Subordinate


  An employee who is below another employee in the organisation's hierarchy
• Span of control


  The number of subordinates reporting to each supervisor/manager
• Tall organisational structures


  • Have many levels of management (or hierarchy). Each has a narrow span of control and the chain of commend is long meaning decision making and communication can be slower
• Flat organisational structures


  • Have few levels of management (or hierarchy). Each has a wide span of control and the chain of command is short meaning decision making and communication is faster
• Delayering


  Reducing the size of the hierarchy by removing one or more levels-most often middle management
• Centralised organisation


  One where all the important decision-making power is held at head office
• Decentralised organisation


  One where the decision-making powers are passed down the organisation to lower levels
• Directors


  Appointed or elected members to a company's Board of Directors of a company who have the responsibility for determining and implementing a company's policies
• Annual General Meeting (AGM)


  A yearly meeting of shareholders that limited companies must hold
• Chief Executive Officer (CEO)


  The most senior manager responsible for the overall performance of a company
• Manager


  An individual who is in charge of a certain group of tasks, or a certain area or department of a business, for example factory manager
• Supervisor


  An individual who checks and controls the work of subordinates
• Autocratic leadership


  A leadership style where the leader makes all the decisions
• Democratic leadership


  A leadership style where employees take part in decision-making
• Laissez-faire leadership


  A leadership style where most of the decisions are left to the employees
• Trade Union


  Group of workers who join together to ensure their interests are protected or organisation that represents the workers and fights for improvements to pay and conditions