2023

• C

  
• B

  
• B

  
• C

  
• D

  
• C

  
• A

  
• B

  
• (a) consumer, prey, herbivore

  (b) decrease, because there would be fewer whelks to eat

  
• 31

  
• 2. go to 3

  3. douglar fir

  4. needles arranged in clusters

  
• To improve/increase the reliability of the results

  
• 1. wipe the probe between samples
  2. place the probe at the same depth each time

  
• algal population increases, and reduces light levels killing aquatic plants. these plants become food for bacteria, which will increase in population. these bacteria reduces the oxygen availability for other organisms, leading to a reduction in the number of freshwater organisms in lochs.

  
• light energy

  
• diffusion

  
• 18

  
• carbon dioxide

  
• hydrogen binds with carbon dioxide, using ATP as energy, in a series of enzyme controlled reactions, to make sugar

  
• starch, cellulose