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Civil Rights in the USA
Women
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Cards (140)
What was the Women's Rights Convention
1848
?
- introduction and discussion of
female
suffrage
- led by
Cady
Stanton and
Mott
- showed ability to organise
What was the NWSA's view on female suffrage?
tackle it on a
federal
level
What was the AWSA's view on female suffrage?
tackle it on a
state
level
What states rewarded some women the right to vote?
Wyoming,
Utah
, Idaho, Colorado
When did the NAWSA form?
1890
What was the
Congressional
Union for Women's suffrage?
- 1913
- led by
Alice
Paul
-
militancy
, mass demonstration, hunger strikes
- first picketing of the
White
House
- hostility from President Wilson
Who attempted to challenge electoral law in 1875?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - 'electoral
malpractice
What were some areas of social reform women were prominent in?
-
abolition
-
temperance
-
charity
work in cities
-
rural
protest
Who wrote Uncle
Tom's
Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who
was Harriet Tubman?
former
slave
who risked her
life
to
save
other slaves
What was Temperance?
anti-alcohol
movement - saw alcohol as a social
evil
that caused
abuse
and
violence
Who led the Women's
Christian
Temperance Union?
Frances
Willard
What actions did the WCTU take?
stop the spread of
saloons
,
vigils
, leafleting,
prayer
meeetings
How many members did the WCTU have in the 1880s?
168
,000
What was the
Hull
House in Chicago?
- founded in 1889, Jane
Adams
- offered
language
classes,
child
classes,
nurseries
,
trade
union meeting
How many settlement houses were there?
400
What imapct did settlement houses have?
promoted influence of women in
local
government, showed their ability to
organise
,
states
passed assistance for mothers and widows
Who
led the rural protests?
Elizabeth Lease
How many women were working in clerical work by 1900?
949,000
What sort of industries did women work in?
telephone operators,
librarians
, secretaries, teachers,
garment
making, food
processing
How much did young female white collar clerical workers earn a week?
$
7
and they could gain some status
How many women partook in temperance demonstrations?
approx
60,000
In the 1880s, what % of
Philadelphia's
workforce was women?
26%
Was there a rise of educational opportunities for women in the Gilded Age?
Yes
- more female high school graduations -
1/2
of graduates were female in 1900
- training schools e.g. training school for
nurses
set up in 1873, by 1890 there were 35
Was the declining birth rate experienced by everyone?
No
, immigrant families were still large - e.g.
Irish
Catholic
Families, families had
6-8
children
Was the progression of women in the workplace experienced by everyone?
No - though white unmarried women could graduate from the factory floor to clean business spaces, these positions were often filled by
immigrant
women
What were some downsides to women in the workplace?
- no career progression
- traditional
male
professions difficult to access
- women ended up in
low-skilled
jobs instead of learning a trade
- women expected to leave jobs to
marry
Women
and trade unions
Though there was growing access to trade unions, women could not join these on the same
scale
as men
Did immigrant women experience the progress of the gilded age?
No, these women often worked in poor homes in
crowded
cities,
sweatshops
and the
sex
industry
What
is some evidence WW1 was a turning point for women?
-
NY
and Illinois enfranchised women in
1917
- women made an important contribution to work
in WW1
- encourage
President
to reward women with suffrage as a
thank you
for their work in the war
What is some evidence that WW1 was not a turning point for women?
- wage
discrimination
- women were
not
allowed to own businesses without special permission
- female suffrage seen as
unwomanly
What did the NAWSA become?
League
of Women Voters - only
5-10
% rejoined
The
Ninteenth
Amendment
Guarenteed women the right to vote in
1920
What were some limitations of the 19th amendment?
- women voted in the same way their
husbands
did
-
low
turnout
- voting registration not easy
-
restrictions
for African American women
-
National
Association
Opposed
to Women's Suffrage
Who were 'flappers'?
liberated
women in the 1920s who went against traditional victorian norms
-
sexual
freedom, smoking, shorter skirts
- pressure to return to tradition after marriage
- limited - not everyone could afford
What
were some points of progress on female
education
in the
1920s
?
-
women graduated and did higher degrees
-
expansion of education
to
African American Women
-
Bryn Mawr Summer School -
for working class women, founded by
M. Carey Thomas
-
YWCA
What were the
Comstock
Laws?
prohibited the advertising of contraceptive
Was birth control accessible in the 1920s?
anti-birth control -
poverty
and religion, women resorted o
illegal
abortions
Who
was Margaret Sanger?
advocate for
birth
control, formed American
Birth Control
League and opened birth control clinic in NY in 1916
What year did the first legal birth control clinic open?
1923
- though it came with a cost
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