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Physics
P3 - Particle model of matter
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Cards (16)
Density
How tightly packed an object is (of particles)
mass/volume
Measuring volume of a regular object
Measure width, length and height using a
ruler
and multiply then together
Measuring volume of an irregular object
Use a
eureka
can. Fill until it is overflowing, place the object in and measure the water displaced using a
measuring cylinder.
Weighing scale
Measure
weight
Balance
Measure
mass
Measuring cylinder
Measure
volume
Newton metre
Measure
force
Solid
- Particles are
close
together
- Fixed, rigid,
regular
arrangement
- Particles
vibrate
around a fixed position
- Held together by
strong
forces of attraction
Liquid
- Particles are
close
together
- Irregular,
random
arrangement
- Particles move
around
each other, free to swap places
- Held together more
weakly
- Take up the shape of a container
Gas
- Particles are
far
apart
-
Random
arrangement
- Move
quickly and randomly
in all directions
-
Weak
forces of attraction between particles
- Spread to fill the container
- Can be
compressed
Kinetic energy
Caused by
random
movement of particles, increases with
temperature.
Potential energy
Caused by the
forces
between particles. Increases during
melting and boiling
(as bonds are breaking).
Internal energy of a system
Kinetic
energy +
Potential
energy of particles
Changing state graph
flat horizontal line
= change of state
Pressure in gases
- As the temperature
increases
, so does
pressure
(more kinetic energy)
- As volume is
decreased
(gas compressed), the pressure
increases
- The pressure is created by the particles bouncing and pushing on the walls of the container (
collisions
)
Boyle's Law
- Describes the behaviour of gases
- When gases are put under more pressure, their volume decreases (
inversely
proportional = curve on a graph)
- Pressure is measure in
Pascals
(P)