P3 - Particle model of matter

Cards (16)

  • Density
    How tightly packed an object is (of particles)

    mass/volume
  • Measuring volume of a regular object
    Measure width, length and height using a ruler and multiply then together
  • Measuring volume of an irregular object
    Use a eureka can. Fill until it is overflowing, place the object in and measure the water displaced using a measuring cylinder.
  • Weighing scale
    Measure weight
  • Balance
    Measure mass
  • Measuring cylinder
    Measure volume
  • Newton metre
    Measure force
  • Solid
    - Particles are close together
    - Fixed, rigid, regular arrangement
    - Particles vibrate around a fixed position
    - Held together by strong forces of attraction
  • Liquid
    - Particles are close together
    - Irregular, random arrangement
    - Particles move around each other, free to swap places
    - Held together more weakly
    - Take up the shape of a container
  • Gas
    - Particles are far apart
    - Random arrangement
    - Move quickly and randomly in all directions
    - Weak forces of attraction between particles
    - Spread to fill the container
    - Can be compressed
  • Kinetic energy
    Caused by random movement of particles, increases with temperature.
  • Potential energy
    Caused by the forces between particles. Increases during melting and boiling (as bonds are breaking).
  • Internal energy of a system
    Kinetic energy + Potential energy of particles
  • Changing state graph
    flat horizontal line = change of state
  • Pressure in gases
    - As the temperature increases, so does pressure (more kinetic energy)
    - As volume is decreased (gas compressed), the pressure increases
    - The pressure is created by the particles bouncing and pushing on the walls of the container (collisions)
  • Boyle's Law
    - Describes the behaviour of gases
    - When gases are put under more pressure, their volume decreases (inversely proportional = curve on a graph)
    - Pressure is measure in Pascals (P)