Elements, Mixtures and Components

• Elements


  Are substances that cannot easily be broken down into something simpler, and are made of only 1 types of atom
• Compund


  Is a substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
• Mixture


  Contains 2 or more substances that aren't chemically bonded together and therefore can be easily separated using physical methods
• Pure Substance


  Could be an element or compound that contains only 1 substance/type of particle
• Pure and Impure substances have different _______

  Heating curves
• C2H6O


  Ethanol
• C9H8O4


  Aspirin (weak acid)
• H20


  Water
• NH3


  Ammonia (weak base)
• H2SO4


  Sulphuric acid
• HNO3


  Nitric acid
• HCl


  Hydrochloric acid
• NaOH


  Sodium Hydroxide
• CO


  Carbon Monoxide
• CO2


  Carbon Dioxide
• NO


  Nitrogen Monoxide
• NO2


  Nitrogen Dioxide
• SO2


  Sulfur Dioxide
• SO3


  Sulphur Trioxide
• H2S


  Hydrogen Sulfide
• CH4


  Methane
• NaCl


  Sodium Chloride
• CuSO4


  Copper Sulfate
• AgNO3


  Sliver Nitrate
• Solution


  A mixture of solute and solvent that doesn't separate out
• Solute


  The substance that is dissolved
• Solvent


  The liquid that a substance dissolves in
• Soluble


  A substance is soluble if it dissolves in a solvent
• Insoluble


  A substance is insoluble if it doesn't dissolve in a solvent
• Mixtures can be separated using _____

  Physical methods
• Filtration is used to _____

  Separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
• Crystallisation is used to ____


  Separate an insoluble solid from a solution (this involves heating the mixture in an evaporating dish so that the solvent evaporates leaving crystals in the solution)
• Miscible


  Liquids that dissolve in each other
• Immisscible


  Liquids that do not dissolve in each other
• A separating funnel ___


  Is used if the liquids are immscible
• Simple distillation summary


  Is used to separate a liquid from a solution, if they have very different boiling points
• Fractional distillation summary


  Is used to separate a mixture of solutions with similar boiling points
• Filtration


  It separates a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble (sand from sandy water)
• Evaporation


  It separates a solute from a solution (salt (solute) from a salty solution)
• Distillation


  It separates a liquid from a solution (water from a salt solution)