Breathing

• Respiration is the process that takes place in all cells of Living things.
• Oxygen is the gas we need for respiration to take place.
• The ribs also move outwards and upwards when we breathe in. Then downwards and inwards when we breathe out.
• The difference between respiration and breathing is that respiration is a process which releases energy using oxygen and breathing is a process which releases energy using carbon dioxide
• The direction the diaphagm moves:

  Inhalation: downwards

  Exhalation: Upwards
• Diapragm = a large sheet of muscle that contracts and moves downwards when we breathe in and upwards when we breathe out.
• The ribs move outwards and upwards when we breathe in, then downwards and inwards when we breathe out.
• Ventilation


  The process of moving air in and out of the lungs
• Plural = alveoli

  Singular = alveolus
• Gas exchange

  1. Takes place in the alveoli

  2. Oxygen moves into the blood

  3. Oxygen is transported to the cells of the body in red blood cells
• Trachea 


  this is also called the windpipe. This tube runs from the mouth, down the throat towards the lungs. It is lined with rings of cartilage which keep it open at all times.
• Bronchus

  The trachea splits into a left and right bronchus (plural: bronchi), each leads to a lung.
• Bronchiole


  Each bronchus splits again and again into thousands of smaller tubes called bronchioles which take the air deeper into the lungs.
• Alveoli


  At the ends of bronchioles are tiny air sacs called alveoli. Here oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out
• Diaphragm


  The diaphragm is a dome-shaped, flat sheet of muscle under the lungs. It contracts and relaxes with the intercostal muscles during breathing.
• The Gas exchange system

  A) Trachea

  B) Alevioli

  C) Bronchiol

  D) Ribs

  E) Intercostal Muscles

  F) Diaphragm

  G) Heart
• Bronchiole


  A small airway tube in the lungs that is smaller than a bronchus.
• The Gas exchange system

  A) trachea

  B) alveoli

  C) bronchiole

  D) right bronchus

  E) ribs

  F) intercostal muscles

  G) diaphragm

  H) heart