transmission of disease 3.1.1-3.1.5

• colds, covid and tb are transmitted by airborne droplets, transmission can be reduced by using a tissue, wearing a mask and ventilating
• salmonella and e. coli are transmitted by contaminated food and can be reduced by cooking food properly and preparing raw meat seperately
• malaria, plague and rabies are transmitted by insect or animal vectors and to reduce this you can sleep under mosquito nets or kill and avoid the transmitters
• hiv is transmitted by cuts or blood and to reduce this you can use clean syringes and clean cuts
• athletes food is transmitted by direct contact and can be reduced by washing hands and wearing gloves
• cholera and typhoid are transmitted by contaminated water and can be reduced by boiling water before drinking and treating sewage properly
• chlamydia and thrush are transmitted through sexual intercourse and can be reduced by celibacy or using barrier methods
• disease can be spread in plants through humans, wind, water, soil, farming machinery, infected plant contact and animals
• HIV is caused by a virus and can lead to AIDS
• HIV is a mild like flu illness that can damage the immune system
• HIV is transmitted through direct sexual contact and exchange of bodily fluid
• there is no cure for HIV but to prevent it you can use condoms, not share needles, bottle feed children if you have HIV and there is an antiretroviral drug that can limit effect
• measles is caused by a virus
• the symptoms of measles include fever, red skin rash, blindness and brain damage
• measles is transmitted through the inhilation of droplets from coughs and sneezes
• there is no treatment for HIV aside from isolation and a vaccine for young children
• TMV is caused by a virus
• symptoms of TMV include a mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves and affects the growth of the plant
• TMV is transferred between diseased and non diseased plants and can remain infectious in soil for up to 50 years
• there is no treatment for TMV apart from good field hygiene and pest control
• salmonella is caused by bacteria
• symptoms of salmonella include disruption of the balance of natural gut bacteria, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
• salmonella is transmitted through undercooked food and unhygienic conditions
• poultry are vaccinated against salmonella and you should cook chicken thoroughly and keep raw chicken separate
• gonorrhoea is caused by bacteria
• symptoms of gonorrhoea include long term pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancies and eye infections
• gonorrhoea is transmitted through unprotected sex with an infected person
• gonorrhoea used to be cured using penicillin but it is recommended to just use a barrier method
• rose black spot is caused by a fungus
• the symptoms of rose black spot include purple or black spots on rose leaves, yellow leaves that drop off and the plant does not photosynthesise and flower well
• rose black spot is transmitted by the wind and spread over the plant as rain
• the treatment of rose black spot includes removing and burning the affected leaves and stems and using chemical fungacides
• malaria is caused by protoctista
• malaria symptoms include liver damage, damaged blood cells, fever, shaking and weakness
• malaria is transmitted through mosquitos that transfer it to the blood stream
• malaria can be treaded if found quickly through a combination of drugs and also using mosquito nets and removing standing water
• if the bodys immune system is badly damaged by HIV, it can cope with other infections or cancers and at this stage it becomes AIDS