Lesson 8

• Purtilo (2005) defines morality as everyday behaviors facilitating successful coexistence.
• Purtilo (2005) divides morality into personal, societal, and group categories.
• Personal Morality - Individual values and duties are independent of social or work groups.
• Societal Morality - Influenced by culture, geography, religion, and legislation. It shapes expectations for a secure society.
• Group Morality - Subgroups, like in healthcare, establish values and duties through policies and procedures.
• Maclagan (1998) - Emphasizes the influence of family, community, education, and experiences on personal values.
• Maclagan (1998) - Calls for understanding moral diversity, especially in healthcare, and the need for operational definitions of moral behaviors.
• Gert (2002) - emphasizes differences between personal and normative (societal) morality.
• Purtilo (2005) - Ethics is a systematic and theory-based process to examine moral problems, leading to a resolution through ethical reflection and reasoned action.
• Maclagan (1998) - Ethics provides the tools and theories for applying morality in practical situations, particularly in roles like healthcare administrations. It also provides theoretical frameworks for addressing problems in professional and daily life.
• Parker Palmer (2000) - Emphasizes the concept of authentic leadership, which stems from the heart rather than financial metrics.
• Parker Palmer (2000) - Encourages exploration of inner or spiritual life to maintain a moral center and lead from a position of strength rather than fear.
• Johnson 2001 - Discusses the importance of character development for leaders, highlights leadership virtues such as courage, integrity, humility, reverence, optimism, justice, respect, honesty, and persistence.
• Johnson (2001) - Introduces the Rest Model for character development, focusing on awareness, moral reasoning, and moral motivation
• Johnson (2001) - Recommends identifying a moral mentor and formulating a personal mission statement for moral growth.
• Annison and Wilford (1998) - Stress the importance of trust in healthcare administration.
• Annison and Wilford (1998) - Highlight the responsibility of leaders to restore individual trust in the healthcare system through personal and corporate decisions.
• Annison and Wilford (1998) - Emphasize commitment to something larger than oneself and a focus on beneficence in decision-making.
• Annison and Wilford (1998) - Discuss the significance of integrity, consistence, communication, and forgiveness in building and maintaining trust.
• Managerial Derailment - A behavior where normally effective leaders choose behaviors that are destructive and result in poor performance.
• Dye (2000) - stresses that future and current employees should be assessed for their moral integrity beyond surface questions at an interview.
• Griffith (1993) - A classic work cautions that your financial net worth can increase by choosing to ignore moral integrity.
• Griffith (1993) - advocates that you not only practice integrity selfassessment but that you also promote moral behavior in others.
• Griffith (1993) - Care should be taken to hire and reward employees who find satisfaction in service to others.
• Griffith (1993) - moral center should be examined to see if f you are motivated primarily by intrinsic rewards such as service to others.
• Griffith (1993) - the commitment to service should be what sustains you at difficult times in your career.
• Johnson (2001) - Presents a view of the dark or shadow side of leadership and how it affects the moral center where all leaders have both a light and dark side.
• Johnson (2001) - Be sure to balance delegated power with power that you own
• Johnson (2001) - Responsibility is linked with loyalty.
• Johnson (2001) - devoted an entire chapter to meeting the ethical challenges of leadership.
• Griffith (1993) - challenges you to administer your department or organization in a way that fosters integrity which includes designing policies and procedures that encourage doing the right thing.
• Griffith (1993) - encourages you to use true participative management.
• True participative management - truly delegating both the task and the responsibility to your team.
• Collis (1998) - Encourages you to think beyond utilitarian ethics and make your means and ends reflect sound ethical practice.
• Collis (1998) - asks that you encourage others to speak out against injustice.
• Collis (1998) - challenges you to explore your spiritual side and lead with “compassion, sympathy, and service.
• Purtilo (2005) - Devotes an entire chapter to advice on how to survive in healthcare and keep your moral integrity at the same time.
• Purtilo (2005) - The principle of beneficence means that we must act with kindness and charity for others.
• Purtilo (2005) - challenged us to strengthen our personal moral integrity through personal quality improvement (PQI) efforts.
• Codes - derived from the Latin word, “codex”, meaning “tree trunk”.