Glossary

• Defining Abnormality

  Statistical Infrequency - abnormal/numerically rare behaviour + characteristics.
• Defining Abnormality

  Deviation from Social Norms - ‘concern’ behaviours different from accepted standards in society.
• Defining Abnormality 


  Deviation from Ideal Mental Health - not meeting criteria for good MH.
• Defining Abnormality

  Failure to Function Adequately - unable cope w/ basic demands of everyday life.
• Phobias

  Phobia - irrational fear of object/situation.
• Phobias

  Specific Phobia - phobia of object.
• Phobias

  Social Phobia - phobia of social situation.
• Phobias

  Agoraphobia - phobia of outside/public.
• Depression

  Depression - mental disorder characterised by low mood + energy.
• Depression

  Major Depressive Disorder - severe, short-term.
• Depression

  Persistent Depressive Disorder - long-term/reoccurring.
• Depression

  Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder - childhood ‘temper tantrums’.
• Depression

  Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - mood disruption prior to/during menstruation.
• OCD

  OCD - anxiety disorder characterised by repeated obsessions (cognitive) + compulsions (behavioural).
• OCD

  Obsessions - repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, behaviours.
• OCD

  Compulsions - behaviour carried out to deal/cope w/ obsessions.
• The Behavioural Approach to Explaining Phobias

  Classical Conditioning - learning by association through two stimuli being repeatedly paired.
• The Behavioural Approach to Explaining Phobias

  Operant Conditioning - learning shaped/maintained by consequences.
• The Behavioural Approach to Treating Phobias

  Systematic Desensitisation - behavioural therapy to treat unwanted response to phobic stimulus.
• The Behavioural Approach to Treating Phobias

  Reciprocal Inhibition - fear + relaxation can‘t co-exist.
• The Behavioural Approach to Treating Phobias

  Flooding - behavioural therapy, patient exposed to extreme phobic stimulus to reduce anxiety caused.
• The Cognitive Approach to Explaining Depression

  Negative Triad - three reasons for some being more vulnerable to depression, biased towards negative interpretations.
• The Cognitive Approach to Explaining Depression

  Faulty Information Processing - depressed people have errors in logic, selectively attend to negative aspects of situation.
• The Cognitive Approach to Explaining Depression

  Negative Self-Schemas - origins of depressive thoughts.
• The Cognitive Approach to Explaining Depression

  ABC Model - depression occurs when activating event triggers irrational belief, produces consequences.
• The Cognitive Approach to Explaining Depression

  Musturbatory Thinking - thinking certain ideas must be true for individual to be happy.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  CBT - therapy treatment based on cognitive + behavioural techniques, manages issues positively.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  Cognitive Element - aim to challenge irrational thoughts.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  Behavioural Element - changing irrational thoughts.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  Behavioural Activation - decreases avoidance by increasing engagement in activities that improve mood.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  REBT - taught to examine + challenge unhelpful thinking, which causes self-defeating behaviours.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  Empirical Disputing - self-defeating beliefs aren’t consistent w/ reality.
• The Cognitive Approach to Treating Depression

  Logical Disputing - self-defeating beliefs don’t follow logically from info available.
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Orbitofrontal - regulates anxiety.
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Thalamus - deals w/ safety behaviours.
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Parahippocampal Gyrus - processes unpleasant emotions (abnormally).
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Frontal Lobes - decision making/logical thinking.
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Diathesis Stress Model - environmental stressors necessary to trigger OCD in genetically vulnerable.
• The Biological Approach to Explaining OCD

  Candidate Genes - regulates serotonin system.
• The Biological Approach to Treating OCD

  Drug Therapy - chemical imbalances in brain corrected by drugs.