Cards (13)

    1. What's the difference between mercantile and industrial capitalism?

    • Mercantile capitalism primarily focuses on trade and commerce, where wealth is generated through the exchange of goods. Industrial capitalism, on the other hand, centers around industrial production, with wealth derived from manufacturing and mechanized processes
    1. What role did food and agriculture play in the rise of industrial capitalism?

    • Food and agriculture played a crucial role in the rise of industrial capitalism by providing a stable food supply for the growing urban population and raw materials for industrial production. Agricultural advancements increased productivity, freeing up labor for the industrial workforce
    1. How did land ownership change in Britain in this period, and how did this affect labor systems?

    • In Britain, land ownership shifted from small-scale farmers to wealthy landowners through processes like enclosure, where common lands were privatized. This consolidation of land ownership reduced the number of independent farmers and led to increased dependence on wage labor in agriculture
    1. In what ways is capitalism a "cultural system"?
    • Capitalism is a cultural system as it influences societal values, norms, and behaviors related to economic activity. It shapes notions of individualism, competition, consumerism, and the pursuit of profit as fundamental aspects of society
    1. What were some problems with industrial capitalism? What were two different responses to these problems?

    • Problems with industrial capitalism included harsh working conditions, exploitation of labor, income inequality, and environmental degradation. Two different responses were labor movements advocating for workers' rights and government intervention through regulations and social welfare programs
    1. What two types of socialism were there? How did they differ? 

    • The two main types of socialism were utopian socialism, which envisioned idealistic communal societies, and scientific socialism, which advocated for the overthrow of capitalist systems through class struggle and the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat
    1. According to Marx, what is the significance of conflict and struggle?

    • According to Marx, conflict and struggle, particularly between social classes, are essential drivers of historical change. This conflict arises from the inherent contradictions within capitalist societies, leading to revolutionary upheavals and the eventual transition to socialism
  • Socialism
    An economic and political system in which the means of production are collectively owned and controlled by the state or workers
  • Capitalism
    An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, in competitive markets, rather than by the state
  • How socialism and capitalism explain the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions

    1. Highlighting the tensions between labor and capital
    2. Private ownership versus collective ownership
    3. The role of the state in regulating economic activity
  • Evidence of the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions

    • Labor movements
    • Socialist revolutions
    • Establishment of welfare states in response to capitalist inequalities
  • Socialism and capitalism explain the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions and how they contributed to change in the period from 1750 to 1900
    1. Evaluate continuity and change in the Industrial Revolution era (1750-1900)

    • The Industrial Revolution era (1750-1900) saw significant continuity in terms of technological advancements, urbanization, and the rise of capitalism. However, there were also profound changes, such as shifts in social structures, the emergence of new economic ideologies like socialism, and transformations in labor relations and living standards