How did Evangelical Christianity inspire some reformers?
it emphasized that individuals had the power to change their lives. they could ensure their own salvation and improve their communities
What was the connection between the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement?
women wanted to speak out against slavery but were denied the right… so thats when a society was formed to advocate for the rights of women
an important American group that mixed anti-slavery and women's rights activism was the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, led by Mott and the women of a leading African American family-Charlotte, Harriet, Sarah, and Margaretta Forten
What were some effects of industrialization which Upton Sinclair highlighted in his book?
workers lost their limbs, were exposed to dangerous chemicals, and caught infectious diseases while working long hours in cold, cramped conditions
What was life like in the tenements?
overcrowded, limited toilets, unsanitary, infant death rates were high
What were some of the successes of the reform movements?
(Child) Labor Rights
Social Welfare Programs
Women's Rights
Civil Rights
Environmental Protections
Political Reforms
Labor Rights Reform Movement
Implementation of labor laws and regulations aimed at improving working conditions, limiting working hours, and ensuring fair wages for workers
Public health legislation which led to sanitized environments
New Public Health Act ensured the government was responsible for making sure drinking water was safe, sewage waste properly managed, and contagious disease contained
Establishment of environmental regulations, preservation initiatives, and the creation of national parks and wildlife reserves
Industrialization created opportunities for social mobility, allowing individuals to move up the social ladder based on their skills and economic contributions
While some workers rose to positions of wealth and influence, many remained trapped in low-paying jobs with little chance of advancement
Explain how industrialization caused change in existing hierarchies and standards of living. Use evidence.
economic shift
social mobility
urbanization
changes in labor reforms
technological advancements
Evidence for Social Mobility
The emergence of a middle class composed of factory owners, merchants, and professionals reflected increased social mobility, while working-class individuals often faced harsh living and working conditions
Economic Shifts
Industrialization shifted economic power from agrarian-based economies to industrialized ones
Factories and urban centers became new sources of wealth, leading to the rise of a new industrial capitalist class
Evidence for Economic Shifts
The Industrial Revolution transformed societies from primarily agricultural to industrial, with urban centers experiencing rapid growth and becoming centers of economic activity
Evidence for Urbanization
The rapid growth of cities during the Industrial Revolution, such as Manchester in England or Pittsburgh in the United States, illustrates the scale of urbanization driven by industrialization
Evidence for Technological Advancements
The invention of steam engines, mechanized looms, and other industrial technologies revolutionized production methods, leading to the mechanization of many industries and the decline of artisanal crafts
Evidence in Changes in Labor Relations
Factory owners employed large numbers of workers, often under harsh conditions and for long hours, contributing to the formation of labor unions and the emergence of collective bargaining as a tool for workers to negotiate better wages and working conditions