Chapter 8

• Biological Diversity or Biodiversity


  The variety of life, refers collectively to variation at all levels of biological organization.
• Biodiversity


  Refers to the full abundance or variety of life.
• What does Biodiversity support?

  Food Security, Dietary Health, and Livelihood Sustainability.
• Genetic Diversity in Food Systems


  Promotes foundation of crop development and food security while also promoting resistance and resilience to environmental stresses including pests and diseases in livestock.
• Threats to Biodiversity


  1.) Habitat Loss

  2.) Overharvesting

  3.) Invasive Species

  4.) Climate Change

  5.) Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
• Exotic Species


  Are species that have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve.
• Biotechnology


  A set of techniques that involves the use of biological processes and living organisms for industry, agricultural, or other activities.
• Intended Use of GMOs


  1.) Biomedical

  2.) Farm/Food Animals

  3.) Agriculture
• Long-Lasting Papayas


  Papayas that are developed in UPLB which are resistant to ring-spot virus or PRSV.
• Protein-enriched Copra Meal (PCRM)


  Feed protein for Tilapia, milkfish, and shrimp agriculture.
• Tomato Leaf Curve Resistant Variety (ToLCV)


  A tomato line developed by IPB and UPLB that is resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus.
• BT Corn


  Engineered specifically to be resistant to Asian Corn Borer (ACB) and Ostrinia furnacalis.
• Risks of GMOs


  1.) Genetic Contamination/Interbreeding.

  2.) Competition with Natural Species

  3.) Increased Selection Pressure on Target and Non-Target Organisms

  4.) Ecosystem Impacts

  5.) Impossibility of Follow-Up/Erasure

  6.) Loss of Management Control Measures

  7.) Long-term Effects

  8.) Anti-biotic Resistance