Government

• Was Henry's view of the role of parliament differed from his father?


  there is nothing to suggest otherwise as the 2 main functions remained the same. parliament could advise the monarch but neither him or his father did this.
• 2 functions of parliament


  - grant extraordinary revenue to the crown

  - pass laws
• How many times did henry viii call parliament

  9 times
• Before 1529 when did Henry summon Parliament?

  1510, 1512, 1515, 1523
• how did wolsey regard parliament

  with distaste, he only called them once in his period of dominance (1523)
• Jan - Feb 1510 parliament


  Abolished the Council Learned in the Law
• Feb 1512-Mar 1514


  Provided extraordinary revenue for invasions of France and Scotland; Anticlerical Act restricting benefit of clergy
• feb 1515-dec 1515


  Act restricting benefit of clergy not renewed despite the apparently anticlerical atmosphere of the House of Commons
• Apr 1523 - Aug 1523


  Provided extraordinary revenue for invasion of france ; thomas more made the first known plea for freedom of speech for MP's. anti-clericalism was reduced.
• Nov 1529-Apr 1536


  Reformation Parliament
• Jun 1536 - Jul 1536


  Called to enact a new Succession Act following the fall of Anne Boleyn
• Apr 1539 - Jul 1540


  Called to provide extraordinary revenue with invasion threatened; produced divergent religious legislation, for example the dissolution of the greater monasteries and the Six Articles Act
• Jan 1542-Mar 1544


  Provided extraordinary revenue for invasions of Scotland and France; dealt once more with the issue of succession.
• Nov 1545-Jan 1547


  Provided extraordinary revenue
• what years was the first conciliar approach to government?

  1509 - 1514
• which factors brough the conciliar approach to an end?

  - henry became disenchanted with the reluctance of some of his father's senior councillors to support a war with france

  - he became increasingly his own man by asserting his undoubted right to control decision making

  - he surrounded himself with like-minded young courtiers who reinforced his suspicions of the 'old guard'

  - he became impressed with thomas wolsey , his effective management of the french campaign earned him royal gratitude.
• what was wolsey's ability

  to get the king what he wanted, or convince the king of what he assumed he wanted.
• what was the one area of government outside of wolsey's control

  the privy chamber
• how did the role of the privy chamber extend


  the king's 'minions' became gentlemen of the privy chamber. this process transformed both their status and that of the privy chamber.
• How did the minions feel about Wolsey?

  they distrusted him
• what did wolsey do about the minions?


  he wanted to neutralise their influence.

  in 1519, he secured the removal of the minions and replaced them with his own supporters. however, most of the minions recovered their positions .
• what year did wolsey secure the removal of the minions

  1519
• what was the courts of chancery used for


  wanted to uphold 'fair' justice

  -deal with problems relating to enclosure, contracts and land left to others in wills.
• what was the problem with the court of chancery

  It became too popular and justice was slow since it became clogged up with too many cases
• where did wolsey's most distinctive legal contribution come through the operation of

  the court of star chamber
• what was wolsey's motive in extending the use of the star chamber from 1516


  increase cheap and fair justice. wolsey heard cases of alleged misconduct from people.
• what did wolsey also encourage the use of the star chamber for


  private lawsuits - he was so succesful he has to set up 'overflow tribunals' to deal with the pressure of business. he set up a permanent committee in 1519.
• What was the Tudor Subsidy?


  A system, not created, but reformed, by Wolsey, for taxation, replacing the old fifteenths and tenths. It was a national committee, headed by him, which assessed the wealth of taxpayers, making taxation more flexible
• what year was the amicable grant

  1525
• What was the Amicable Grant?


  Wolsey trying to avoid using parliament to collect a tax. it was to raise money for war. It was an incredibly unpopular answer that sparked a revolt.
• who described wolsey as 'arrogant and insensitive'


  John Guy
• what was parliament's resistance to wolsey regarding the 1523 subsidy


  wolsey proved unable to secure all that he wanted in the need to grant the subsidy needed to finance the renewal of war against francce. the atmosphere was charged so thomas more had to ask for the king's forgiveness.
• what year did the elham ordinances come in place

  1526
• what were the elham ordinances


  they were introduced to reform the finances of the privy council. pushed forward proposals for a reduction of royal household expenditure. wolsey secured a reduction in the number of gentlemen of the privy chamber. secured the removal of henry's groom of the stool.
• who was henry's groom of the stool and who was he replaced with?

  Sir William Compton, replaced with Henry Norris
• What was the King's Great Matter?


  It concerned the annulment of Henry from Catherine of Aragon and his desire to marry Anne Boleyn. It lead to the break away from Rome.
• what did henry consider doing when he had no male heir

  legitimating his son, Henry Fitzroy
• what task was wolsey set with


  securing a papal dispensation for the annulment of henrys marriage to catherine
• what was the bibical justification that form the basis of the annulment


  the book of leviticus contained a prohibition on a man marrying his brother's widow.
• what did henry argue


  the papal dispensation issued by Jullius 2 to permit his own marriage to catherine was invalid. claimed that in god eyes his marriage was still illegal and that he was therefore free to marry Anne.