Religion

• what ideas did henry encourage


  erasmianism
• who was the most significant humanist voice in education

  John Colet
• How did Colet show his initiative?


  1. he appointed the schools governors members drawn from a city guild rather than choosing clergymen

  2. the schools statutes laid down a curriculum , including some works by erasmus, and teaching methods derived from humanist principles .
• who did john colet appoint as head

  William Lily, a humanist
• Which schools were at the forefront of educational reform?


  St Paul's and Magdalen College School in Oxford.
• what was erasmus influence


  he visited england 4 times; his most important visit was 1509-1514 when he was appointed to a professorship at cambridge university and was also a well known figure in and around henry viii's court. in 1516, he published a greek new testament complete with a new latin translation.
• what is Platonism


  Idea from Plato that the function of education is to produce 'philosopher kings,' pupils should have the idea of public service instilled in them
• who was the most important english humanist writer


  Thomas More, who combined his intellectual interests with his work as a lawyer and statesman.
• whats an example of increasing influence on visual culture


  Henry viii comissioned the italian sculptor Pietro Torrigiano to produce the tombs of his parents and of his grandmother , lady maragaret beaufort.
• what is another example of reneissance style within a famous perpendicular setting


  rood screen erected in the early 1530s in the chapel of kings college , cambridge. celebrates marriage between henry and anne boleyn
• what did robert marks argue

  gothic remained the predominant cultural form
• who was the best known painter at the court


  German Hans Holbein - more Gothic influence than Renaissance
• who was the most paid painter

  Fleming Lucas Horenbout
• what did wolsey's palace at hampton court clearly exhibit


  classical influence
• what were the weaknesses of the church

  Corruption, anticlericalism, decline of monasticism
• which offences involving corruption was associated with the church


  - pluralism (recieving the profits of more than one post)

  -simony (the purchase of church office)

  - non-residence (recieving the profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties associated with it.)
• Example of a corrupt clergyman?

  Cardinal Wolsey
• definition of anticlericalism


  opposition to the political and social importance of the clergy.
• Example of clerical misconduct

  The death of Richard Hunne
• what year was the murder of richard hunne

  1514
• what happened with the death of richard hunne


  found dead in his cell in the bishop of london's prison. he apparantly hung himself but evident that he was murdered meaning there was a cover up, dressing it up as a suicide. (attempt at torture had gone wrong and the torturers panicked). case was short term disastrous for the church.
• how many houses did wolsey secure the dissolution of and what for


  twenty houses in the 1520s to fund the establishment of Cardinal college, Oxford.
• when did martin luther attack the catholic church

  1517
• what evidence is there of early english protestantism


  -martin luther's attack

  - surviving lollard beliefs

  -influence of german reformers in london and the east-coast ports in the 1520s.

  - nucleus of future reformers based in cambridge in the 1520s who met for religious discussions at the white horse. (leading figure was robert barnes, whop had been converted to protestantism by thomas bilney)
• which most influential humanists paid with their lives for their opposition to the religious changes


  Thomas More and Bishop Fisher
• which evidence is there to show that a humanist approach to reform persisted during the final years of henry 8


  The king turned to humanists John Cheke to be the tutor to his son and heir, Edward, and Roger Ascham to be the tutor to Princess Elizabeth. There was a humanist circle around the king's last wife, Katherine Parr. she herself had a humanist education, unusual for women of her generation, and was a generous patron of arts and literature.
• what was the significance of the king becoming supreme head of the church


  this was confirmed by the act of supremacy in 1534. the act did not confer the supremacy on the king.
• what was the significance of the king appointing cromwell vicegerent in spirituals 1534


  cromwell was second only to the king and therefore outranked the archbishops and bishops. this gave cromwell considerable power over the church. the post died with him.
• what was the significance of 6 new diocesses were created, though one was soon abolished


  this was an attempt to improve the church's administration.
• year of compilation of valor ecclesiasticus

  start of visitations to monastries

  1535
• act to dissolve the smaller monasteries

  1536
• act to dissolve the remaining monastries

  1539
• all religious houses dissolved


  1540
• first set of royal injunctions

  1536
• second set of royal injunctions

  1538
• first edition of the great bible


  1539
• act for the advancement of true religion

  1543
• what was the valor ecclesiasticus


  a survey set up by cromwell in 1535 to discover how wealthy the church was. this gave cromwell a broadly accurate indication of the resources which were available for the crown to plunder.
• what evidence was used to justify dissolving the monastries


  4 'visitors' were sent round the country to inspect all monastic institutions. they found a lot to criticise, though they had been clearly instructed to find evidence of weakness and corruption. the most fair minded of the visitors, Tregonwell, often mixed criticism with praise for holiness and conscientiousness of those whom he was inspecting.
• what happened after the visitors were sent around


  they gathered enough evidence for cromwell to justify bringing in an act of parliament in 1536 to dissolve the smaller monastries, defined as those with an income of £200 per annum or less.