Insulin and Diabetes

• Diagnosis

  1.Glucose presence in urine suggests diabetes.

  2. (Diagnosis made by carrying out a) glucose tolerance test.

  3. Individual fasts, Individual drinks a glucose solution/drink.

  4. During the test a diabetic’s blood glucose concentration increases to a much higher level than that of a non-diabetic and takes longer to return to its starting concentration which indicates diabetes.

  5. Type 1 diabetes tends to be diagnosed in children while type 2 diabetes tends to be diagnosed in adults/later in life.
• Treatment

  1.Type 1 diabetes is treated with regular doses/ injections of insulin.

  2. Type 2 diabetes is treated/controlled weight loss/exercise/ limited intake of sugar in diet
• Role of Insulin

  1.Insulin is produced in the pancreas.

  2. Type 1 diabetics are unable to produce insulin.

  3. Insulin converts glucose into glycogen.

  4. Type 2 diabetics can produce insulin but cells are less sensitive/ resistant to it.

  5. In Type 2 diabetics there are less insulin receptors on cells.