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• Topics


  • The Industrial Revolution
  • The Triangular Slave Trade
  • World War One
  • The Suffragettes
• How to revise


  1. Go over information

  2. Re-present the information

  3. Remember/recall the information

  4. Use the information
• The Industrial Revolution


  A time of great change between around 1750-1900 that changed how goods were manufactured in Britain
• Domestic System


  • Goods were made in the home and on a small scale
  • Families worked together in their cottages, with everybody doing their bit
• The Domestic System could only produce goods in small quantities
• Manufacturers recognized the need to speed up production, and invented new machinery which could do the work of several people
• Factory System


  New factories were set up with rows of large machines, and workers would leave their homes each day to work in the factory, in return for a weekly wage
• The larger machines in one location meant that goods could be produced in huge quantities at more affordable prices
• The Domestic System still continued alongside the Factory System for a time, but it became more and more difficult to compete against mass production
• Factory workers and Child Labour


  • It became common to employ women and children to work in factories
  • Children were cheap to employ and their small hands were able to effectively operate the machinery
  • Conditions were very dangerous, with long hours, lack of safety equipment, low pay, and strict punishments
• Triangular Slave Trade


  The three main voyages of the transatlantic slave trade, involving the exchange of enslaved West African people for trade goods, their transportation across the Atlantic (the Middle Passage), and their sale in the West Indies and North America
• It is estimated that 2 million enslaved people died during the Middle Passage, due to the horrific conditions on the ships
• Slaves were sold at auction either under the hammer to the highest bidder or through a scramble
• Reasons for the abolition of slavery


  • Slave resistance and rebellions
  • White campaigners
• Slave resistance and rebellions


  • Enslaved people found ways to demonstrate their resistance, including planning rebellions and revolts
  • Slave rebellions varied in size, and most were put down with the help of forces from either the British Army or the Royal Navy
• White campaigners


  Granville Sharpe, a British lawyer who represented escaped slaves in court, and the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, which included many Quakers
• The British Army and militia took a month to restore order after the Jamaican Slave Rebellion. Some 200 enslaved Africans and 14 white people died in the fighting. At least 340 rebel slaves were hanged or shot afterwards.
• Maroons


  A mixture of islanders and runaway slaves hiding out on the island of Jamaica
• The Maroons Rebellion (1730)


  1. The Maroons took part in raids on the plantations

  2. They used secret tactics to hold out against the British forces

  3. In 1739, a treaty was drawn up between the British and the Maroons to make peace

  4. The Maroons were given some land and promised not to take in any further runaway slaves
• Granville Sharpe


  A British lawyer who represented escaped slaves in court and persuaded judges that slaves should not be sent back to the West Indies
• Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade


  Set up in 1787, many members were Quakers who believed slavery was sinful and against Christian teachings
• William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson


  Very important figures in the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
• Huge petitions were collected and presented to Parliament
• In the 1770s


  Sugar could be grown more cheaply in Cuba and Brazil, making sugar from the West Indies expensive and keeping slaves there unprofitable
• In 1807 the slave trade was abolished by British parliament, making it illegal to buy and sell slaves, but people could still own them
• In 1833 parliament finally abolished slavery itself, both in Britain and throughout the Empire
• Militarism


  Armies building up causing other countries to become paranoid and build their armies up, making war more likely
• Alliances


  Countries joining together in "teams" to support each other in the event of an attack, leading to more countries joining in war
• Imperialism


  Building up empires by taking over land/countries, risking war to do so
• Nationalism


  Pride in your country, leading to more soldiers being prepared to fight for it
• The spark that set off World War I was the murder of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian terrorist and part of the group The Black Hand Gang
• Problems in the Trenches


  • Boredom - Daily life was monotonous and soldiers had to find ways to entertain themselves
  • Shocking conditions - Trenches flooded and froze in winter, leading to trench foot
  • Immediate danger - Constant threat of enemy shelling, snipers, and poison gas attacks
  • Supplies - Soldiers had a boring diet of tea, biscuits and tinned beef, with some higher-ranking soldiers having better food
• Attempts to end the deadlock of trench warfare included the introduction of poison gas attacks and the tank
• With lots of men going away to fight in World War I, many women had to take over men's work in factories, on farms, on buses and railways, and in treating injured soldiers
• Women proved they could do the same work as men, helping change attitudes towards women and persuade people they deserved the vote in 1918
• Suffragists (National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies)


  A group led by Millicent Fawcett in 1897, aiming to increase the rights of women and improve social conditions, using peaceful methods
• Suffragettes (Women's Social and Political Union)


  A group led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, formed in 1906, aiming to achieve the same rights for women as men, using sometimes violent methods
• The Suffragettes' saying was "Deeds not words" and they would not allow men to be members of their organisation