Basic concepts of computing

• ICT systems include


  • People
  • Hardware
  • Procedures
  • Software
• People


  To supply the data and make decisions from output information supplied from the system based on the results from processing data and the output from the system
• Hardware


  Things you can physically touch, including input devices, storage, processor, output devices, communication devices
• Procedures


  To determine what needs to be done and when, causes passing of data and information between people
• Software


  Computer programmes which provide step by step instructions on how to complete a task
• Data


  Unprocessed numbers and facts e.g. images, video, audio
• IPOS


  Input, Process, Output, Storage - the general model of a computer system
• Input


  Any hardware or software that allows you to enter data into a computer
• Processing


  The hardware that receives the data, performs a set of instructions and returns processed data to RAM
• Output


  A device that formats and presents data in a form understandable to the user
• Storage


  Hardware which allows you to store data for later use
• System software


  Software that manages and controls the flow of data and information in a computer
• Operating System(OS)

  • Microsoft Windows, Android, iOS, Mac OS, Linux
• What is an operating system used for 


  To control and co-ordinate tasks and functions of a computer's hardware
• Application suite


  Multiple applications pocked together
• FOSS

  Free open source Softwore
• FOSS(advantages)

  • free
  • allows the user to change/modify the code if need be
  • Available to public which allows them to collaborate and fix bugg
• FOSS(disadvantages)

  • not user friendly to unskilled users(as often difficult to find proper tech support)
  • can expose your computer to viruses and other cyber attacks
  • has limited features
• Application Software 


  Any software that allows the user to accomplish a function or create content(needs System Software to function).
• Legacy system


  An outdated method of technology/computing system
• Types of computers

  • Supercomputer. Mainframe computer
• Difference between a modem and a router

  A modem is responsible for sending and receiving signals from the ISP while a router disperses that signal to devices on the network
• Printers


  -allows a computer to transfer data and input to paper
• What is the benefit of laser printer over InkJet?


  -faster

  -more reliable
• Classification of computers

  • General purpose computers (can do alot)
  • Specific purpose computers
  • Supercomputer
• What is connectivity?


  -quality, state,reliability and capability of being connected
• Functions of a multi-purpose printer

  • Printing
  • Copying
  • Faxing
  • Scanning
• Benefits of purchasing a multipurpose printer?

  • Power saving efficient
  • Lower ink consumption
  • Cost saving (better than buying seperate devices)
  • Convenient (all in one)
  • Easy to use (tap and go)
  • Requires less space than having separate devices
• Disadvantages of a multi-purpose printer

  • Huge investment (because it is a multi-purpose it'll be more expensive than a single function unit)
  • When one part of the printer stops working the whole system shuts down
• What is modular design?

  -Dividing a system into smaller parts known as modules
• What are the advantages of having a computer with modular design?

  -If one component breaks it can be replaced easily

  -can upgrade computer easier
• What is the meaning of volatile?

  A volatile hardware is a piece of hardware that keeps its contents so long as it's powered
• Why is it important to backup files?

  • They may get accidentally deleted
  • So they can be retrieved if ever needed
  • So you do not lose any important information
• Types of printers

  • Ink tank printer
  • Ink jet printer (better for pictures)
  • 3D printer
  • Laser printer
  • Dot matrix printer