plants for food and fibre

• sacred plants used in alberta


  horsetail, yarrow, sage, stinging nettle, wild rose, blueberry, cranberry, willow bark, raspberry
• plants used for fibre and name one thing each is used for


  cotton: clothing + plastic +rayon, hemp: sails and rope + paper, flax: good 4 skin + linseed oil
• plants used for medicine


  willow bark: aspirin

  opium poppies: morphine

  cinchona trees: quinnie (prevent malaria)
• plants for transportation + construction

  rubber trees —> tires

  wood —> construction

  also 4 fuel and ethnol
• what are the 3 main functions of roots

  1. absorb water, minerals and nutrients
  2. support + anchor plant
  3. store food
• fibrous vs. taproot

  fibrous: system of VERY smaller sized roots that quickly soak up moisture

  taproot: small roots coming out of the crop, smaller roots covered in tiny boot hairs
• diffusion


  particles in a gas or lquid that to become evenly distrubuted by moving from where there are more to where there are less

  dense —> scattered
• osmosis 


  type of diffusion that allows water to pass through a barrier called a semi permable membrane

  semi permeable: rootcells, some material into plants
• stems 3 purposes


  1. transport water and nutrients between the leaves and roots
  2. support leaves + flowers. Why?
  3. food storage: storing sugars produced in the leaves, some as starch
• layers of a tree, explain (outside to inside)


  bark

  pholem - layer of cells carrying sugars

  from leaves to rest of tree

  cambium - growing part of trunk, produces new _____ + ____

  xylem- carries water and nutrients from roots to leaves

  (more layers = inner layers dying to become the heartwood)

  heartwood - dead wood in centee of tree 4 strength
• leaves 3 purposes


  1. sugar for plant

  2. released oxygen back into air. HOW?

  (photosynthesis)

  3. has chlorophyll which does what?

  (makes leaves green)
• selective breeding


  people choosing specfic plants with specific traits to regrow encourging it to reproduce
• genetic modification


  modifying cells within a living orgainism by combing it with another to give it wanted traits
• types of plant reproduction (sexual + asexual)

  sexual: cone plant reproduction, flowering plants, seed dispersal + germination

  asexual: grafting, layering, cutting
• cone plant reproduction


  female cones contain eggs where the pollen grains containing sperm develop on the smaller male cone, the two end up meeting where the sperm swims down the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg
• flowering plants


  attracting two insects to spread the plant pollen
• what is cutting (asexual)

  growing plants without a seed by cutting an already grown plant by cutting it at a slant
• what is grafting 


  to graft trees in order to allow more fruit variety on a tree, by cutting a large branch section and attaching it to the new one you wrap it until the tree heals
• asexual plant reproduction


  finding ways to grow plants and reproduce them without using direct seeds
• sexual plant reproduction 


  how seeds naturally spread and how flowering plants reproduce
• female parts of a flower

  stigma, pistil, ovary + style
• male parts of a flower

  pollen tube, stamen, ovule, + petal
• how has tech influenced forestry practices

  tech makes things faster and more convenient for farmers but can cost more and increase the price of crops
• albertas most important trees

  pine, spruce, aspen, birch + tamarack
• albertas most important crops

  wheat, corn, oat, barley, canola, potatos, alfafa, legumes
• humus definition

  a dark rich soil in nutrients and holds water well
• what does soil need to break down dead organisms (4)

  bacteria, fungi, microscopic actinomycetes, earthworms
• what is npk


  nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
• hydroponic tech definition + 1 con it can have

  growing plants without soil just water creating high quality plants but cost alot
• erosion definition


  erosion is soil or earthy materials being blown away using wind, water, etc
• using chemicals for plants pros and cons

  pros: faster growing, less work for farmers, cost less

  cons: bad for environment, soil, and animals
• what is fertilizer made of


  NPK
• pest definition


  any organism causing plants to die or produce less than normal.
• direct and indirect pest behaviour

  direct: animals eating plants

  indirect: weeds such as dandelions taking nutrients from organisms
• what are introduced or exotic species? what can they lead to?

  species of weed or insects which are brought from somewhere else which can lead to them being INVASIVE
• 4 ways to get rid of pests


  1.changing type of crop you are growing, crop rotation

  2. removing by hand or fence

  3. natural predator, bringing in a predator of the pest

  4. chemicals
• what is organic food production with cons

  growing crops without any fertilizers or chemicals and fighting problems with natural ingredients or nutrients cons: MORE EXPENSIVE, not everyone wants to pay the extra amount even if reduced chemical exposure is higher quality.
• cons of chemical control of pests (5)

  1.can kill good guys such as lady bugs

  2. if not decomposed well, the chemicals can affect the soil badly

  3. resistance or tolerance to chemicals, the pests can learn to be immune to the pesticide

  4. genetic mutations. 5. bad for enviroment
• what is an asexual plant reproduction that can be used for fruit trees to create different mutations of the fruit

  grafting!
• what does the ”n” stand for in npk?

  nitrogen