Vitamins and Minerals

• where do you find vitamin A


  fish oils, liver, leafy vegetables, milk, butter, cheese, carrots
• where do you find vitamin B


  most foods, meat, vegetables, grains, milk, yeast
• where do you find vitamin C


  oranges, lemons, potatoes, green vegetables, grapefruit, guava, freash fruit and veg, citrus
• where do you find vitamin D

  milk, butter, eggs, fish, liver, also made by skin in sunshine
• where do you find vitamin E


  seeds, lettuce, spinach, avocados, brown rice, peanut butter
• where do you find vitamin K


  spinach, cabbage, broccoli, potatoes, lettuce, kale, yougart
• why do you need vitamin A

  good eyesight, healthy skin, improves resistance to sunburn and skin infections
• why do you need vitamin B


  important body functions
• why do you need vitamin C

  healthy skin and gums, to heal wounds quickly
• why do you need vitamin D


  strong bones, teeth and joints
• why do you need vitamin E

  fights aging, helps wounds heal, reduce scar development
• why do you need vitamin K


  normal blood clotting, helps maintain bone mass
• result of shortage of vitamin A

  poor vision and night blindness
• result of shortage of vitamin B


  beri-beri , skin disorders, diarrhoea
• result of shortage of vitamin C


  scurvy, gum disease, nosebleeds
• result of shortage of vitamin D

  rickets
• result of shortage of vitamin E


  infertility, anaemia, muscular weakness
• result of shortage of vitamin K


  bleed easily
• use of sodium (Na) in animals


  functioning of kidneys(water balance), nerves and muscles
• use of potassium (K) in animals


  allows muscle contractions and sending of nerve impulses
• use of calcium (Ca) in animals


  important part of bones and teeth, allows for functioning of muscles and nerves, helping with blood clotting
• uses of phosphorus (P) in animals


  to build bones and teeth, involved in cellular respiration, found in DNA, RNA, and ATP, important in muscle and nerve functioning
• uses of iron (Fe) in animals

  forms part of the haemoglobin
• use of nitrates (NO3) in animals


  a part of all proteins - needed for growth
• use of Sodium (Na) in animals

  maintains water balance
• use of potassium (K) in plants


  synthesis (making) of chlorophyll
• use of calcium (Ca) in plants


  found in cell wall, affects permeability of cell membranes
• use of phosphorus (P) in plants


  found in cell membrane and ATP, promotes flowering, root and fruit development
• use of iron (Fe) in plants

  needed in the formation of chlorophyll
• use of nitrates (NO3) in plants


  making of proteins and chlorophyll
• what are minerals?


  simple chemical substances (inorganic compund)
• where can animals obtain minerals?

  from the food they eat
• where can plants obtain minerals?

  from soil or fertilizers