null or alternative

• Null Hypothesis

  1. A statement in statistics that asserts there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error
• 1. Alternative Hypothesis It is the claim about a population that is tested against the null hypothesis, often reflecting the actual question or theory researchers are interested in supporting4.
• 1. Null Hypothesis The presumption that there is no effect or no difference in a population, which researchers aim to test against the alternative hypothesis.
• 1. Null Hypothesis A statistical hypothesis that is tested and either accepted or rejected in favor of an alternative; it posits that any observed difference is due to chance alone3.
• 1. Null Hypothesis The default position that there is no association between two measured phenomena or no association amongst groups.
• Alternative Hypothesis

  1. The hypothesis that states there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables, offering an alternative to the null hypothesis5.
• 1. Alternative Hypothesis It claims that there is an effect or a difference in the population, which is what the research aims to prove or expect to be true4.
• 1. Alternative Hypothesis A statement used in statistical inference that is contradictory to the null hypothesis and denotes the presence of an effect or relationship
• Alternative Hypothesis The hypothesis that researchers want to support, suggesting that there is a meaningful effect or difference between groups or variables.
• Null Hypothesis It represents the hypothesis that the findings of a study are the result of chance, which is the starting point in hypothesis testing.