Urinary

• Kidney dispose of waste products in urine

  -Nitrogenous waste

  -Toxins

  -drugs

  -Excess ions
• Kidney regulatory function include:

  -production of renin to maintain blood pressure

  -production of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell production

  -conversion of vitamin D to its active form
• Organs of the Urinary System

  -Kidney

  -Ureters

  -Urinary bladder

  -Urethra
• Organs in the Urinary system

  -Hepatic vein

  -Inferior vena cava

  -Adrenal glands

  -Aorta

  -Iliac crest

  -rectum

  -uterus

  -Renal artery

  -Renal hilum

  -Renal vein

  -Kidney

  -Ureter

  -Urinary bladder

  -Urethra
• Kidney location and structure

  -the kidneys are situated against the DORSAL BODY WALL in a RETROPERITONEAL position (behind the parietal vertebrae

  -the kidney are situated at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae

  -the RIGHT KIDNEY is slightly lower that the left (because of the position of the liver).
• Kidney structure, 12 cm (5 in), 6 cm (2.5 in), Renal hilum, Adrenal glands


  -adult is about __( __) long and __ (__) wide

  -_____ ____ a medial indentation where several structures enter or exit the kidney (ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerves)

  -an ______ sits atop each kidney.
• 3 protective layers enclose the kidney (kidney structures)

  -Fibrous capsule

  -Perirenal fat capsule

  -Renal fascia
• Fibrous capsule


  -encloses each kidney
• Perirenal fat capsule


  -surrounds the kidney and cushions against blows
• Renal fascia


  -most superficial layer that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures
• 3 regions revealed in a longitudinal section (kidney structures)

  1.Renal cortex - outer region

  2.Renal medulla - deeper region

  3.Renal pelvis - medial that is flat, funnel-shaped tube
• Renal medulla

  Renal pyramids - triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

  Renal columns - extensions of cortex-like material that separate the pyramids
• Calyces (Renal pelvis)


  -form cup-shaped "drains" that enclose the renal pyramids

  -collect urine and send it to the renal pelvis, on to the URETER, and to the URINARY BLADDER for storage