PE

• Knot Tying


  The process of securing a rope or cord by creating a knot
• Knots


  • Can be formed by intertwining one end of a rope with itself or another rope
  • Are used to join two or more ropes together, create loops or secure objects
• 7 Essential knot tying

  • Square Knot
  • The Bowline
  • Two Half-Hitches
  • Taut-Line Hitch
  • Clove Hitch
  • Figure-Eight Knot
  • Sheet Bend
• Square Knot


  Also known as the reef knot, this is your best bet to connect two different ropes together for added length
• The Bowline - One of the most important knots for sailors, this one is perfect for forming a strong loop capable of holding heavy loads 

• Two Half-Hitches


  An ideal knot for tying anchor points or binding rope to objects, posts, and trees
• Taut-Line Hitch


  Similar to the two half-hitches knot, the taut-line adds an adjustable hitch that allows you to lengthen or shorten your rope under load. Perfect for attaching tent stakes to rainfly lines
• Clove Hitch


  Another binding knot, the clove hitch is useful in creating a solid anchor point and the best knot for tying logs together when making a raft
• Figure-Eight Knot


  One of the simplest knots you can learn, the figure-eight acts as a stopper for climbers and sailors who don't want ropes to slip out of retaining devices like pulleys
• Sheet Bend


  Use the sheet bend instead of the square knot when you need to tie two ropes together, but the ropes are made of different materials or are different widths
• Different Type of Rope


  • Natural
  • Synthetic
  • Wire rope
  • Laid ropes
  • Braided ropes
• Natural rope


  Is strong, and there are plenty of uses for it. It does quite well in high heat environments, but it's not great in moisture-heavy or marine situations because it rots and loses strength easily
• Synthetic rope


  Encompasses many, many types of rope with one thing in common: they're made from man-made materials. These materials include polypropylene, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, and other plastic-based chemicals and fiber
• Wire rope


  Is composed of as few as two solid, metal wires twisted into a helix that forms a composite rope, in a pattern known as laid rope. Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands of such laid rope in a pattern known as cable laid
• Laid ropes


  Normally consist of three (3) strands that run over each other from left to right. Traditionally, they are made from natural fibers but are now commonly made from synthetic materials
• Braided ropes


  Consist of a strong core of synthetic fibers, covered by a plaited or braided sheath. They are always made from synthetic materials
• Parts of a Rope


  • Working/Starting end
  • Standing part
  • Loop
  • Bight
• Working/Starting end


  End of the rope you are using to tie a knot
• Standing part


  Any part between the two (2) ends. It can be a part of the rope already used in the knot
• Loop


  A loop made by turning the rope back on itself and crossing the standing part
• Bight


  A loop made by turning the rope back on itself without crossing the standing part
• Navigation


  A field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another
• Type of Navigation


  • Land Navigation
  • Marine Navigation
  • Aeronautics Navigation
• Land Navigation


  Also known as orienteering, or map and compass navigation, is the process of determining your position and navigating from one point to another on land using a map, compass, and other navigational tools. It involves understanding the terrain, interpreting topographic maps, and using a compass to navigate a route
• Marine Navigation


  Blends both science and art
• Aeronautics Navigation


  The science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere
• Land Navigation tools


  • Compass
  • Sextant
  • GPS (Global Positioning System)
  • Nautical Charts
  • Altimeter
• Compass


  The compass is perhaps the most iconic navigation instrument, dating back thousands of years. It indicates direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles and is used on land, at sea, and in the air. Compasses were first used by the Chinese, possibly as early as 206 BCE, and they remain one of the most familiar navigational tools worldwide
• Sextant


  While primarily associated with maritime history, the sextant has played a crucial role in navigation. It allows navigators to measure the angle between celestial objects (such as stars or the sun) and the horizon. Although less common today due to modern technology, it remains an important historical instrument
• GPS (Global Positioning System)


  Use signals from satellites to determine precise location coordinates. They are widely used for land navigation, providing accurate position information in real time
• Nautical Charts


  Are detailed maps specifically designed for navigation at sea. However, they can also be useful for land-based navigation near coastlines. These charts show water depths, landmarks, and other relevant information
• Altimeter


  Measures altitude (elevation above sea level). While more commonly associated with aviation, it can also be helpful for hikers and mountaineers navigating rugged terrain
• Marine Navigation tools


  • Gyro Compass
  • Magnetic Compass
  • Marine Radars
  • Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)
  • GPS Receivers
  • Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
  • Echo Sounder
  • Automatic Identification System (AIS)
  • Long Range Tracking and Identification (LRIT)
  • Speed and Distance Log Device
  • Autopilot System
  • Rudder Angle Indicator
  • Rate of Turn Indicator
  • Sound Reception System
  • GMDSS Console (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)
  • NavTex
  • Navigational Lights
  • Marine Sextant
  • Nautical Charts
  • Binoculars
  • Pelorus
  • Daylight Signaling Lamp
  • Ship's Whistle/ Fog Horn
  • Forecastle Bell
  • Navigational Shapes
  • Flag Signals
• Gyro Compass


  Is an electrically powered compass that provides accurate and reliable heading information. Due to its fast-spinning gyroscope, unaffected by external forces like magnetic fields or ship movement, it always points to true North. It located at the centerline inside the ship's navigational bridge, with repeaters on the port and starboard wings
• Magnetic Compass


  Provides a stable heading reference for direction and visual piloting. It is independent of power supply but requires swinging/adjustment to correct for shipboard deviations. Traditional navigational tool consisting of a magnetized needle that can rotate freely and align with Earth's magnetic poles
• Marine Radars


  This equipment is your eyes, especially during nighttime and low visibility. Radar detects objects in poor visibility conditions, including other vessels and landmasses, which is vital for avoiding collisions
• Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)


  Showing acquired target's trailing echoes and vectors. It enhances the capability of the Radar. It is a Radar feature that can automatically acquire and track targets within defined acquisition zones
• GPS Receivers


  A marine GPS receiver showing the vessel's current position in latitude and longitude. The Global Navigation Satellite System triangulates signals from orbital satellites to determine a vessel's precise real-time latitude, longitude, course, and speed
• Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)


  Is the successor of our traditional paper charts or a digitized version. Think of ECDIS as the "Google Maps for seafarers" but packs more maritime punch. And also an electronic chart that provides real-time navigation data to the mariner. It integrates GPS positioning, Gyro Compass, ARPA features, AIS, an echo sounder, a speed log, and many other bridge equipment
• Echo Sounder


  Showing the depth of the water at 48.1 meters. It is a sonar device that emits sound pulses and then measures and displays the seabed depth beneath a vessel by timing the return echo. It aids in preventing grounding and ensuring safe passage through varying depths in unfamiliar waters. Some can even show the bottom composition