6 VISUAL

• Painting


  The process of applying pigment on a smooth surface - paper, cloth, canvas, wood, or plaster - to secure an interesting arrangement of forms, lines and colors
• Painting Mediums

  • Encaustic
  • Tempera
  • Fresco
  • Watercolor
  • Oil
  • Acrylic
• Encaustic


  The application of a mixture of hot beeswax, resin, and ground pigment to any porous surface, followed by the application of heat to set the colors and bind them to the surface
• Encaustic art

  • Fayum funeral portraits
• Tempera

  Earth or mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk and egg white, normally applied on wooden panels carefully covered with gesso
• Fresco


  The application of earth pigments mixed with water on a plaster wall while the plaster is damp, where the color sinks into the surface and becomes an integral part of the wall permanently
• Watercolor

  Tempered paint made with pure ground pigment bound with gum arabic, applied in thin, almost transparent films
• Oil painting


  Pigment ground in linseed oil applied to a primed canvas, a very flexible medium that can be applied using a brush, air brush, palette knife, or even with bare hands
• Acrylic


  Synthetic paints using acrylic polymer emulsions as binder, combining the transparency and quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of oil
• Mosaic


  Wall or floor decorations made of small cubes of irregularly cut pieces of colored stone or glass called tessarae, fitted together to form a pattern and glued on a surface with plaster or cement
• Stained glass


  Translucent glass colored by mixing metallic oxides into the molten glass or by fixing them into the surface of the clear glass, developed as a major art when it appeared as an important part of the Gothic cathedral
• Tapestry


  Fabrics into which colored designs have been woven
• Drawing


  The most fundamental of all skills needed in the visual arts. A drawing may be a study, sketch, cartoon, or a finished work in itself. Drawing can be done using graphite (pencil), pen and ink, pastel, chalk, charcoal, crayons, or silver point
• Printmaking Mediums

  • Relief Printing
  • Intaglio Printing
  • Planographic Process
  • Stencil Process
• Relief printing


  Involves cutting away a block of wood or linoleum the portions of design that the artist do not wish to show, leaving the design to stand out on the block. The uncut, smooth surface is then covered with ink, which under pressure, leaves an impression on paper
• Intaglio printing


  The design is etched into a metal plate. The incised or depressed area is filled with ink, which under considerable pressure, leaves a sharp impression on damp paper
• Planographic process


  The surface has been treated chemically or mechanically so that some areas will print and others will not. The design is drawn with a greasy crayon or pencil on a slab of special limestone or zinc plate. The drawing is fixed with acid solution, then a greasy ink is spread over with a roller. A print can be made by pressing a piece of paper in a plate
• Stencil printing


  Done by cutting design out of special paper, cardboard or metal sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed over it, the design is reproduced on the surface beneath
• Printmaking is another form of visual art
• Print is a graphic image that results from a duplicating process. Each print is an original work, not a reproduction