organs

• the digestive system has three main divisions: mouth region or oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, accessory organs
• lips - have sensory receptors that can detect the texture and temperature of food
• palate - is the mouth’s upper boundary where food is pushed against when chewing
• tongue - functions  for tasting, mixing, and swallowing food
• papillae - are the tiny bumps on the upper surface of the tongue which contain taste buds
• teeth - functions to physically break the food down
• Incisors - cutting
• Canines - tearing
• Premolars - tearing, crushing
• Molars - grinding, crushing
• pharynx - connects the mouth to the esophagus.
• nasopharynx - passage of air only
• oropharynx - passage of food and air
• laryngopharynx - passage of food only
• epiglottis - is a cartilaginous tissue that prevents the entry of food and water into the respiratory tract. .
• esophagus - is a long muscular tube where food travels from the mouth to the stomach.
• sphincters - prevent the backflow of food.
• stomach - is hollow and curved organ that functions for storage and breakdown of food.
• the stomach produces acids, mucus, and enzymes that helps in digestion
• The inner walls have folds known as rugae allow the stomach to stretch to store large meals.
• The stomach has three sections: the cardia, the fundus, and the pylorus.
• The stomach has two sphincters that prevent backflow of food: Cardiac sphincter, Pyloric sphincter
• small intestine - is a long tube where the final digestion takes place.
• Duodenum- where chyme mixes with enzymes
• Jejunum -site of nutrient absorption
• Ileum - site of digestion and further absorption
• large intestine - is the final organ of the digestive system
• large intestine is the site for vitamin and water absorption.
• the large intestine converts chyme into feces.
• Salivary glands - secrete saliva into the mouth which clean the teeth, lubricate the food, and allow chemical digestion.
• It consist of the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.
• liver - the second largest organ, produces bile which aids in lipid digestion
• gallbladder - stores and holds the bile until it is needed in the duodenum.
• Pancreas - is a yellowish organ that secretes pancreatic juice.
• This is essential in breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in food
• The mouth or oral cavity is a site for both physical and chemical breakdown of food.
• The gastrointestinal tract - is mostly for the chemical breakdown of food. It is also needed for absorption of nutrients and water.
• Accessory organs - produce different compounds and enzymes that aid in the chemical breakdown of food