Coastal management

• what is holistic management called

  ICZM strategies
• what is holistic management, and what concepts does it use

  views the coast as a system of 11 sediment cells.

  within each cell a shoreline management plan is used which accounts for all aspects of the coast including the ecosystems and human activity
• what are the 4 policies

  No active intervention

  Advance the line

  Strategic realignment

  Hold the line
• acronym to remember the 4 policies

  NASH
• what is the no activation policy

  dont prevent erosion/flooding
• what is the advance the line policy

  often uses land reclamation to increase the coastline
• what is the strategic realignment policy

  allow the coast to move naturally, managing the direction in some areas
• what is the hold the line policy

  use defences to maintain the coastline as it is
• what are the two things used when deciding a shoreline management plan

  environmental impact assessment and cost benefit analysis
• what is the cost benefit analysis

  in the Uk, for every £1 spent, £8 should be saved
• what is the environmental impact assessment

  looks at the long term and short term impacts on the environment (eg) pollution, water and ecosystems
• what is an example of a short term environmental impact that should be considered by the environmental impact assessment

  air and noise pollution during construction
• what is an example of a long term environmental impact that should be considered by the environmental impact assessment

  disruption to sediment flow and water flow could damage marine ecosystems
• when choosing a decision, it is a complex decision making process. outline some factors that must be considered

  -engineering feasibility, for example it may be unrealistic to prevent a very unstable coastline from receding

  -cultural value such as historical sites that need protecting

  -economic value of land (eg) Bacton Gas Terminal

  -community pressure groups
• policy decisions have different stakeholders that may have conflicting views, name 3 stakeholders

  homeowners, local authorities, environmental pressure groups