carbohydrates

• are carbohydrates organic or inorganic compounds?

  organic compounds
• what elements make up carbohydrates?

  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• what is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?


  2:1
• what are the monomers of carbohydrates?

  monosaccharides (single sugars)
• can monosaccharides pass through pores of a selectively permeable membrane?

  yes
• are monosaccharides soluble in water

  yes it dissolves
• how to monosaccharides taste?

  sweet
• examples of monosaccharides?

  glucose, fructose, galactose
• what are carbohydrates larger molecules

  disaccharides and polysaccharides
• what are disaccharides

  two sugars combined
• can disaccharides pass through a selectively permeable membrane?

  no they are too big
• disaccharides are soluble in water
• disaccharides are sweet to the taste
• glucose + glucose = ?


  Maltose + water
• Glucose + Fructose = ?

  Sucrose + water
• Glucose + Galactose = ?

  Lactose + Water
• what are polysaccharides

  many sugars combined
• Polysaccharides are too big to pass through selectively permeable membranes
• Polysaccharides in insoluble
• Polysaccharides are not sweet to that taste
• examples of polysaccharides

  -starch and glycogen

  storage polysaccharides as they store glucose in plants and animals

  -cellulose and chitin

  structural polysaccharides as they play a role in the structure of cells
• describe the glucose test


  Fehling's A and B / Benedict's solution (dark blue when mixed together) are added to the test substance and heated on a gas burner. green=small amounts, yellow/orange=moderate amounts, brick red=large amounts
• describe the starch test

  Iodine solution is added to the test substance, blu/black=starch is present, yellow/brown=normal iodine colour
• biological importance of carbohydrates?

  -energy source

  -reserve energy store

  (starch-plants and glycogen-animals)

  -structural role

  (cellulose-cell wall, chitin-exoskeleton)

  -forms part of nucleic acids DNA and RNA