e.g reviewer

• What is the main function of the respiratory system?

  To take in oxygen and take out carbon dioxide
• What happens to the air we breathe in?


  It enters the body and fills the lungs, where gas exchange takes place
• What is respiration?


  The continuous process of taking in oxygen and taking out carbon dioxide
• What is the pathway of air in the respiratory system?

  The pathway starts with the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
• What are the components of the lungs?

  Bronchioles and alveoli
• What is the function of the epiglottis?

  It prevents water or food from entering the trachea
• What is the diaphragm?

  A dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
• How does the respiratory system function during breathing?


  The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to help draw air in and push it out
• What is COVID-19 caused by?


  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS COV)
• Where did COVID-19 originate?

  China in 2019
• What are the four main sub-groupings of coronaviruses?

  ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA, and DELTA
• Which body system is primarily targeted by COVID-19?

  The respiratory system
• What would be the best entry points for COVID-19 into the body?

  The respiratory tract through the nose or mouth
• What is the role of blood in the circulatory system?

  It transports oxygen, nutrients, and eliminates waste materials
• What components make up the circulatory system?

  The heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What color does blood appear when it is oxygenated?

  Bright red
• Why does blood appear dark red when it flows from the body to the heart?

  Because it lacks oxygen and carries waste metabolic products
• What are the components of blood and their functions?

  1. Plasma:

  • Transports nutrients, hormones, enzymes
  • 55% of blood fluid

  1. Red blood cells (Erythrocytes):

  • Absorb oxygen
  • 40-44% of blood

  1. White blood cells (Leukocytes):

  • Fight foreign materials
  • Less than 1% of blood

  1. Platelets (Thrombocytes):

  • Responsible for blood clotting
• What are the three kinds of blood vessels?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• What is the function of arteries?

  They carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
• What is the smallest artery called?

  Arterioles
• What is the function of veins?

  They carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
• What is the smallest vein called?

  Venules
• What is the function of capillaries?

  They are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of materials occurs
• What are the parts of the heart and their functions?

  1. Atria:

  • Collects deoxygenated blood (Right Atrium)
  • Collects oxygenated blood (Left Atrium)

  1. Ventricles:

  • Pumps blood to the lungs (Right Ventricle)
  • Pumps blood to the body (Left Ventricle)

  1. Septum:

  • Separates left and right sides of the heart

  1. Valves:

  • Prevent backflow of blood
• What is the function of the septum in the heart?

  It separates the left side and the right side of the heart
• What is the role of the heart valves?

  They prevent the backflow of blood and control its flow within the heart
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  The blood moves from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• What is coronary circulation?

  The blood moves within the heart, providing oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What is systemic circulation?

  The blood circulates from the heart to the rest of the body
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the lungs?

  It becomes oxygenated
• How does oxygenated blood travel from the heart?


  It is transported from the left side of the heart to different parts of the body