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• Latent TB Infection


  Occurs when tubercle bacilli are in the body, but the immune system is keeping them under control
• TB disease


  Occurs when the immune system cannot keep bacilli contained
• Primary Infection

  Usually asymptomatic and a positive tuberculin skin test 4-6 weeks after infection is the only evidence of infection
• Active TB


  Occur in individuals whose immune system have been weakened by age, disease, improper nutrition, or use of immunosuppressive drugs
• Rifampicin


  Taken before meals, causes red urine
• Isoniazid


  Causes peripheral neuritis given with Vit B6
• Pyrazinamide


  Causes hyperuricemia
• Ethambutol


  Causes optic neuritis/blurring of vision
• Streptomycin


  Causes tinnitus, loss of hearing balance, damage to 8th cranial nerve
• Exanthem


  Skin rash arising from another focus of infection
• Enanthem


  Mucous membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection
• Folliculitis


  Infections of the hair follicles
• Sty


  Folliculitis of an eyelash
• Furuncle


  Abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
• Carbuncle


  Inflammation of tissue under the skin
• Impetigo


  Crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation
• Scalded skin syndrome


  Bullous impetigo of the newborn
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa


  Gram-negative, aerobic rod. Pyocyanin produces a blue-green pus
• Otitis externa


  Swimmer's ear
• Smallpox


  Variola. Eradicated by vaccination
• Chicken pox


  Varicella-zoster virus, transmitted by respiratory route causes pus-filled vesicles
• Shingles


  Reactivation of latent hhv-3 viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin
• Herpes simplex


  Human herpesvirus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2)
• Cold sores or fever blisters


  Vesicles on lips
• Herpes gladiatorum


  Vesicles on skin
• Herpetic whitlow


  Vesicles on fingers
• Measles


  Rubeola transmitted by respiratory route with macular rash and koplik's spot
• German measles


  Caused by rubella virus showing macular rash and fever. Congenital rubella syndrome causes severe fetal damage
• Fifth disease


  Erythema infectiosum caused by human parvovirus b19 produces mild flu-like symptoms and facial rash
• Roseola


  Caused by human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and 7 (hhv-7) produces high fever and rash lasting for 1-2 days
• Oral thrush


  An infection of mucous membrane caused by candida albicans
• Conjunctivitis


  Also called pinkeye or red eye commonly caused by haemophilus influenzae associated with unsanitary contact lenses
• Ophthalmia neonatorum


  Caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted to a newborn's eye during passage through the birth canal
• Chlamydia trachomatis


  Causes trachoma which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness
• Meningitis


  Inflammation of the meninges caused by hemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae & neisseria meningitidis produces an initial symptom of fever, headache & stiff neck
• Encephalitis


  Inflammation of the brain
• Tetanus


  Lockjaw caused by clostridium tetani a gram-positive. Endospore forming, obligate anaerobe produces a characteristic condition: opisthotonos
• Botulism


  Caused by clostridium botulinum caused by gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe. Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin blocking release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis
• Leprosy


  Also called hansen's disease caused by mycobacterium ieprae
• Tuberculoid (neural) form


  Loss of sensation in skin areas; positive lepromin test