finals 2.0

• Latent TB Infection – occurs when tubercle bacilli are in the body, but the immune system is keeping them under control
• TB disease – occurs when the immune system cannot keep bacilli contained.
• Primary Infection – is usually asymptomatic and a positive tuberculin skin test 4-6 weeks after infection is the only evidence of infection.
• Active TB – occur in individuals whose immune system have been weakened by age, disease, improper nutrition, or use of immunosuppressive drugs
• Rifampicin – taken before meals, causes red urine.
• Isoniazid – causes peripheral neuritis given with Vit B6
• Pyrazinamide – causes hyperuricemia.
• Ethambutol – causes optic neuritis/blurring of vision
• Streptomycin – cause tinnitus, loss of hearing balance, damage to 8th cranial nerve
• Exanthem – skin rash arising from another focus of infection.
• Enanthem – mucous membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection.
• Folliculitis – infections of the hair follicles
• Sty – folliculitis of an eyelash
• Furuncle – abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissu
• Carbuncle – inflammation of tissue under the skin
• Impetigo – crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation.
• Scaided skin syndrome – buiious impetigo of the newborn
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa – gram-negative, aerobic rod. pyocyanin produces a blue-green pus
• Otitis externa – swimmer's ear
• Smallpox – variola. eradicated by vaccination
• Chickenpox – varicella-zoster virus, transmitted by respiratory route causes pus-filled vesicles
• Shingles – reactivation of latent hhv-3 viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin
• Herpes simplex – human herpesvirus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2)
• Cold sores or fever blisters – vesicles on lip
• Herpes gladiatorum – vesicles on skin
• Herpetic whitlow – vesicles on fingers
• Measles – rubeola transmitted by respiratory route with macular rash and koplik's spot
• German measles – caused by rubella virus showing macular rash and fever. Congenital rubella syndrome causes severe fetal damage
• Fifth disease – erythema infectiosum caused by human parvovirus b19 produces mild flu-like symptoms and facial rash
• Roseola – caused by human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and 7 (hhv-7) produces high fever and rash lasting for 1-2 days
• Oral thrush – an infection of mucous membrane caused by candida albicans.
• Conjunctivitis – also called pinkeye or red eye commonly caused by haemophilus influenzae associated with unsanitary contact lenses.
• Ophthalmia neonatorum – caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted to a newborn's eye during passage through the birth canal
• Chlamydia trachomatis – causes trachoma which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness
• Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges caused by hemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae & neisseria meningitidis produces an initial symptom of fever, headache & stiff neck
• Encephalitis – inflammation of the brain
• Tetanus – lockjaw caused by clostridium tetani a gram-positive. Endospore forming, obligate anaerobe produces a characteristic condition: opisthotonos.
• Botulism – caused by clostridium botulinum caused by gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe. Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin blocking release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis
• Leprosy – also called hansen's disease caused by mycobacterium ieprae
• Tuberculoid (neural) form – loss of sensation in skin areas; positive lepromin test