L7-9 quiz

• type of blood cell that has a nucleus which consists of several lobes, is a phagocyte and approximately 60-70% of white blood cells are this type

  neutrophils
• a pluripotent stem cell gives rise to all cells and platelets within the blood
• blood cell is important in the allergic response and when stained with Wright's stain, has many blue-staining granules in its cytoplasm, containing histamine

  basophil
• cell gives rise to platelets

  megakaryocyte
• osteoclasts are large, multinucleate cells which are responsible for bone resorption
• osteocytes are sensing cells
• bone lining cells held to remodel bone
• there are 12 thoracic vertebrae
• the inner surface of a bone is known as the endosteum
• demineralised bone is very flexible and consists largely of collagen I
• the mineral component of bone is hydroxy-apatite
• red blood cells circulate in your blood for approximately

  120 days
• only B lymphocytes can be activated to form plasma cells, which produce antibodies
• blood contains approximately 55% plasma by volume
• platelets have a diameter of approximately 2-3 micrometres
• the gall bladder has a muscular wall which is able to contract and eject bile into the cystic duct
• sinusoids within the liver lobules are very permeable
• hepatocytes receive oxygen from oxygenated blood in the hepatic artery
• Kupffer cells reside with the sinusoids of a liver lobule and are responsible for phagocytosis of old red and white blood cells, bacteria and other foreign matter
• hepatic arteriole blood and portal vein blood flows through the sinusoids in the liver lobules
• hepatocytes are specialised epithelial cells
• hepatocytes receive nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract via the hepatic portal vein
• insulin enables hepatocytes to convert glucose into glycogen
• hepatocytes are able t synthesise glucose from fats, lactic acid or amino acids during starvation
• liver is able to make fat by converting excess glucose to glycerol and fatty acids which are then converted to fat by the process of lipogenesis
• the liver converts some fat to ketone bodies which can be used as a source of ATP
• insulin stimulates lipogenesis in the hepatocytes
• bile pigments and bile salts are made by the hepatocytes
• bilirubin is a major bile pigment and is breakdown product of haem
• bile slats aid absorption of lipids
• bile salts emulsify fats
• 50% of the glucose is used to manufacture ATP (for the absorptive state)
• most if the fatty acids and triglycerides made in the liver become packaged into VLDLs and transported to adipose tissue for storage
• the liver makes a plasma protein called fibrinogen which has an essential role in blood clotting