ETHICS 2

• moral dilemma


  a situation in which an agent perceives themselves as having moral reasons to perform two (or more) different actions, but due to conflicting circumstances, it is not possible to carry out both (or all) actions simultaneously.
• moral reasoning


  the active or explicit thinking guided by assessments of reasons and rationality requirements, aiming to reach a well-supported answer to a well-defined moral question
• moral reasoning


  process by which people make judgements about what is the right or wrong action in various problems of a moral nature
• moral agent

  a being who has the ability to discern right from wrong, make ethical decisions based on it, and be held accountable for his or her own actions.
• Kantian version


  it is also essential that the agents should have the capacity to rise above their feelings and passions and act for the sake of moral law
• obedience and punishment


  behavior driven by avoiding punishment
• individual interest


  behavior driven by self-interest and rewards
• interpersonal


  driven by social approval
• authority


  driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order
• social contract


  driven by balance of social order and individual rights
• universal ethics


  behavior driven by internal moral principles
• post-conventional morality


  social contract and universal ethics
• conventional morality


  interpersonal and authority
• preconventional morality


  obedience and punishment, individual interest
• ethical frameworks


  perspectives useful for reasoning what course of action may provide the most moral outcome
• ethical theories


  important to study in order to establish a strong foundation for challenging situations or guide decisions
• ethical theories


  we make decisions based on some underlying set of assumptions and philosphy, wether we recognize it or not.