Science 1

• Matter


  Anything that takes up space and has mass
• All matter is made of atoms
• Atoms


  The building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses
• Empedocles


  Proposed that all matter was composed of four elements - Earth, air, fire and water
• Empedocles proposed his theories of matter

  450 BC
• Atomic nucleus


  The small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom
• Neutron


  Discovered in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg
• Electron


  Discovered by Sir John Joseph Thomson in 1897, he confirmed that cathode rays are fundamental particles that are negatively-charged
• Proton


  Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919, he concluded that protons exist in a nucleus and have a positive nuclear charge
• Atomic number


  The number of protons present in an atom, determines the element
• Neutron number


  The number of neutrons in an atom, can be found by subtracting the proton number from the atomic mass number
• Isotope


  The number of neutrons in an element determines its isotope, and often its stability
• Phases of Matter


  • SOLID
  • LIQUID
  • GAS
  • PLASMA
• SOLID


  • It has definite shape
  • It has definite volume
  • It has high density
  • Its molecules are tightly packed
• LIQUID


  • It changes its shape depending on the shape of its container
  • It has definite volume
  • It has high density
  • Its molecules are slightly loose
• GAS


  • It has no definite shape
  • It has no definite volume
  • It has low density
  • Its molecules move freely
• PLASMA


  • It has no definite shape
  • It has no definite volume
  • It has very low density
• Properties of Matter


  • Physical Properties
  • Chemical Properties
• Physical Properties


  Properties can be observed without changing the composition of matter
• Types of Physical Properties


  • Intensive Properties
  • Extensive Properties
• Intensive Properties


  When the property of a substance does not depend on its amount and possesses a distinctive set of properties that would distinguish it from other substances
• Extensive Properties


  The property of matter is affected by its amount, which may vary depending on its physical quantities
• Intensive Properties


  • Color
  • Odor
  • Luster
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Conductivity
  • Hardness
  • Brittleness
  • Texture
  • Viscosity
  • Boiling Point
  • Melting Point
• Color


  It refers to the pigment of a substance
• Odor


  A substance can be described as odorless, burnt, flowery, sharp, or at times, suffocating
• Luster


  The ability to reflect light
• Malleability


  The ability of a substance to be hammered into sheets
• Ductility


  The ability of substance to stretch out into thin wires
• Conductivity


  The ability to conduct heat or electricity
• Hardness


  Resistance of an object to scratching
• Brittleness


  The ability of an object to easily break apart or shatter into pieces
• Texture


  Refers to the feel of substance when it is touched
• Viscosity


  How liquid flows
• Boiling Point


  Temperature at which substance becomes a gas
• Melting Point


  Temperature at which the solid form of a substance becomes liquid
• Extensive Properties


  • Volume
  • Mass
  • Weight
  • Length
• Volume


  It is the measure of the amount of space occupied by matter
• Mass


  Amount of matter in an object
• Weight


  Product of the object's mass and the acceleration of gravity
• Length


  Measure the extent of something along its greatest dimension