Cultural variations

• Who did research into cultural variations?

  Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
• What did Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg do?

  Meta analysis of 8 countries that uses the strange situation to assess mother-child relationships
• What did Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg find?

  • Differences in attachment type within a country were often greater than attachment types between different countries
  • Chinese participants are usually represented as insecure-avoidant, when in fact that is just their culture and the way they raise children
  • Overall attachment was: Type A - 21%, Type B - 67%, Type C - 12%
• What do cross-cultural studies suffer from?

  Imposed etic
• What may be the reason for differences within cultures?

  Socio-economic differences
• What is the difference between intra and inter?

  Intra: within Inter: between