AII

• Modernisation and expansin occured within the staples such as iron, coal and textiles, as well as with the newer industries such as oil
• Ludwig Loop from Manchester helped to develop the Russian textile industry and the Nobel brothers were responsible for the growth of the modern oil industry around Baku in the Caucasus
• There was a 7 times increase in the amount of raiway track opened, from 2194 miles in 1862 to 13 979 miles in 1878
• The expansion of the railway gave a signficant boost to he industrial sector as it contributed to the doubling of industrial output
• During Reutern's term of office industrial output doubled and there was an average annual growth rate of six percent