Gene expression and cancer

• mutations acquired post fertilisation are called acquired mutations.
• mutation


  Changes in genes which lead to uncontrolled division and growth of cells
• PROTONCOGENES= control cell division
• TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES= slow cell division
• Tumours= irregular shape, large dark nucleus, diff antigens, undergo frequent mitosis. Can be benign or cancerous
• Mutated oncogenes= cells divide too quick
• Mutated TSGs= increased cell division as it is not regulated
• Tumours invade and destroy surrounding tissues
• HYPERmethylation of TSGs mean that the proteins that slow cell divison are not made bc the genes are not transcribed
• HYPOmethylation of proto-oncogenes makes them act as oncogenes which encourage cell division
• Estrogen stimulates breast growth as it causes cells to divide and more cell division= increased risk of mutations