DEPRESSION-cognitive

• Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) focuses on changing negative thoughts and behaviours through structured sessions with a therapist.
• Depression is a mood disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and low self-esteem.
• SSRIs selectively block reuptake of serotonin so it stays active longer
• antidepressants take at least two weeks to start working because they increase the amount of serotonin available by blocking its reuptake
• cognitive behavioural therapy is used to challenge distorted thinking patterns and improve coping strategies
• Cognitive approach suggest depression is due to faulty schema
• Beck's cognitive triad suggests that depressed individuals have negative views about themselves, their future and the world around them
• Ellis' ABCDE model- Activating event Beliefs formed Consequences (emotional) Disputation Effect. ABC is how depression starts CE is how to treat it
• CBT can be effective as it helps patients identify unhelpful thoughts and replace them with more helpful ones
• CBT may not work if patient doesnt want to engage or if they are too ill to benefit from treatment
• CBT was developed by Aaron Beck who believed that people with depression had distorted thinking patterns
• Behavioural activation is when patients engage in activities they enjoy as it increases serotonin levels
• In CBT, patients are taught how to identify automatic thoughts (thoughts without conscious awareness) and challenge them using evidence from reality
• Cognitive restructuring is when patients replace negative thoughts with more positive ones
• Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) was developed by Ellis who argued that irrational beliefs cause emotional disturbance
• Behavioural- sleep and appetite changes,
• Cognitive- negative views of self future and world
• Emotional- low mood, anhedonia, anger