IRELAND

• Gladstone resigned in 1874 because he was unable to pass his land reform bills
• Gladstones first home rule bill was defeated in 1886 with only 36% voting in favour
• 3 Fs- fixed tenure, fair rent and freedom to sell interest. From irish land league
• Parnell- leader of land league
• 1800 act of union got rid of the parliament in dublin
• Irish land question- landlords and tenants fighting
• Gladstone tries to give tenant farmers some sort of legal status
• Irish land bill 1870 meant tenants could claim compensation had they been treated unfairly- it failed bc it did not stop landlords raising rent suddenly, made landlords feel attacked and didnt help farmers. Passed by gladstone
• 1881 land act tries to make tenants safe from eviction- passed by gladstone
• 1870 coercion act got rid of the positive aspects of the land bill
• Irish MPs often used fillibustering to disturb parliament
• 1st home rule bill 1886 was proposed by Gladstone as he needed irish nationalist support and Parnell was threatening to switch support over to the conservatives
• Gladstone also put forward a bill to reinstate irish parliament- defeated 343 to 313 and split the liberals into liberals and liberal, unionists
• Unionism- supporting britain and mainland ireland being part of one country
• Irish republicanism/nationalism- wanted mainland ireland to be seperate
• Ulster custom- Northern ireland had a higher english protestant population so was treat better and invested in more
• 2nd home rule bill 1893 proposed that 80 irish MPs could sit at westminister- passed in commons rejected by lords
• around 1890s Parnell was involved in a divorce scandal so support switched over to Mccarthy
• in 1900 John redmond reuinited the nationalists due to balfours actions
• Irish republican brotherhood formed in in 1858 and became popular towards the end of the 1800s
• Arthur Griffin founded Sinn Fein in 1905 and this became the popular irish party
• James Conolly set up the Irish Citizens Army in 1913
• Asquith proposed the 3rd home rule bill in 1912 in line with promises made to Redmond
• The 1912 Home rule bill was passed by the commons and rejected by the lords-BUT the 1911 parliament act meant the lords could only veto the bill for two years. The bill was postponed regardless due to outbreak of wwi in 1914
• The 3rd home rule bill caused a stir in ulster and led to the signing of the ulster covenant in protest- Edward Carson did it with his blood! The ulster volunteer force was also set up
• Ulster volunteer force set up in in 1913 in response to the 1912 Asquith Home rule bill (third one!) and had civil war with the irish volunteer force
• 1914 Carragan Mutiny- british officers would rather be dismissed than get involved
• Carragan mutiny a result of Asquith introducing an exclusion clause which allowed irish LTS to opt out of a united ireland- to be revised after 6 years
• 1903 Wyndhams land purchase act was a success and allowed tenants to buy lands- 86 mil govt fundraising
• Ulster Unionist committee set up in 1905
• 1.5 million signed the ulster convenant