SOCIAL

• Beveridge's report proposed the creation of a welfare state, which would be funded by taxation rather than insurance contributions.
• The Beveridge Report was published on 1st December 1942
• In January 1945, Churchill announced that he would not lead the Conservative Party into another election, paving the way for Attlee to become Prime Minister.
• The Beveridge Report aimed to create a 'cradle to grave' system that provided benefits from birth until death
• The Beveridge Report recommended the establishment of a National Health Service (NHS)
• Attlee won an overwhelming victory at the general election held in July 1945, with Labour winning 393 seats compared to the Conservatives’ 213.
• Labour had promised to create a new society based on equality and social justice, and they were determined to make good on their promises.
• The government introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving living standards and reducing inequality.
• The NHS was free at point of use and financed through general taxation
• The NHS was established under the National Insurance Act 1946
• The NHS began operating on 5th July 1948
• The NHS was free at point of use, meaning patients did not have to pay for treatment or services
• The government introduced a series of reforms known as the ‘Welfare State’, which included measures such as free healthcare, education, housing subsidies, and unemployment insurance.
• In January 1947, the government announced that it would nationalise the coal industry
• Another key area of focus was employment rights, with legislation passed to protect workers against unfair dismissal and ensure equal pay between men and women.
• The NHS was created as part of Attlee's postwar welfare state programme
• The Coal Mines Act 1947 created the National Coal Board which took over ownership of all working collieries from April 1948
• The Education Act 1944 provided universal secondary schooling and increased funding for schools.
• The government argued that nationalising the coal industry was necessary because it was essential to the economy and needed to be run efficiently
• Nationalisation meant that the state owned and controlled the mines, rather than private companies
• The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 regulated land use and development, with an emphasis on creating new towns and suburbs.
• The NHS faced challenges from doctors who were reluctant to work under its new system
• New towns were built outside London to relieve pressure on housing and employment opportunities within the city.
• In 1952, the Butler Education Act introduced a system whereby local education authorities could grant financial assistance to voluntary schools that met certain standards.
• 1958- beginning of campaign for nuclear disarmament