ECONOMIC

• Beveridge's report called for the creation of a welfare state, which would include universal pensions, unemployment insurance, sickness benefits, maternity allowances, family allowances, and free health care.
• Rationing continued until around 48
• stop go policies raised and cut taxes continuously to prevent inflation. introduced in from the 50s to 1979
• Wartime Economy


  Government control, rationing, and austerity measures to mobilize resources for WWII
• Post-War Reconstruction


  Nationalization of industries, introduction of welfare state, and rebuilding of economy after WWII
• Economic Boom


  Rapid economic growth, increased consumer spending, and government policies encouraging growth (1951-1964)
• European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

  Established in 1960, promoting free trade among European countries, including England
• National Health Service (NHS)


  Introduced in 1948 as part of the welfare state, providing universal healthcare to citizens
• Rationing


  Limiting the amount of food, fuel, and other essential goods available to citizens during WWII
• Austerity measures


  Reducing non-essential production and limiting imports to redirect resources towards the war effort
• War bonds


  Government-issued bonds to finance the war effort, encouraging citizens to invest
• Beveridge Report


  1942 report proposing a comprehensive system of social insurance, influencing the development of the welfare state
• Marshall Plan


  US economic aid to England, helping to rebuild the economy after WWII
• Consumer spending


  Increase in consumer spending, driven by rising incomes and availability of credit, fueling economic growth
• Investment in industry


  Government policies, such as low taxation and deregulation, encouraging investment in industry
• Harold Macmillan


  Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963, implementing policies to promote economic growth and modernization
• Women's Land Army


  Organization established to bring women into agriculture and other industries to replace men fighting in the war
• Evacuation


  Relocation of people from cities to reduce the risk of civilian casualties during WWII
• Munitions production


  Mass production of weapons and ammunition to support the war effort
• Attlee Government


  Labour government led by Clement Attlee, implementing reforms to rebuild the economy and create a more equal society
• Nationalization of Banks


  Government takeover of the Bank of England to increase control over the economy and reduce the power of private banks
• Town and Country Planning Act


  1947 Act promoting urban planning and development, leading to the creation of new towns and cities
• Butskellism


  Mix of Keynesian economics and monetarism, characterizing the economic policies of R.A. Butler and Hugh Gaitskell
• Council Housing


  Government investment in affordable housing for citizens, addressing the post-war housing shortage
• Motorway Construction


  Government investment in motorway construction to improve transportation infrastructure and facilitate economic growth
• Ministry of Supply


  Government department coordinating the production and distribution of war materials during WWII
• Bretton Woods System


  New international monetary order, including the IMF and World Bank, established in 1944
• Anglo-American Loan


  Large loan provided to England in 1946 to help rebuild the economy and stabilize the pound
• War Agricultural Committee


  Committee established to increase food production and reduce reliance on imports during WWII
• Regional Development


  Government investment in regional development to reduce regional disparities in economic growth and prosperity
• Credit Expansion


  Government policy encouraging credit expansion to stimulate economic growth, leading to an increase in consumer debt
• Industrial Reconversion


  Government policies to convert wartime industries to peacetime production, including demobilization and redeployment of resources
• National Insurance Act


  1946 Act introducing a comprehensive system of social insurance, providing benefits for unemployment, sickness, and retirement
• War Savings Campaign


  Government campaign to encourage citizens to invest in war bonds and support the war effort
• Manpower Directorate


  Directorate responsible for allocating labor resources to support the war effort, including conscription and direction of labor
• War Economy Committee


  Committee established to coordinate the allocation of resources and prioritize production for the war effort
• Productivity Drive


  Government initiative to improve efficiency and competitiveness in industry, including investment in technology and training programs
• Stop-Go Policies


  A series of economic policies implemented by the British government from 1939-64, featuring periods of austerity and expansion to control the economy.
• Wartime austerity


  Austerity measures implemented by the British government during World War II to conserve resources and reduce debt.
• Bank of England's role

  The Bank of England played a crucial role in implementing monetary policies during the Stop-Go period, adjusting interest rates to control inflation and economic growth.