abdomen (2nd sem)

• Intraperitoneal Organs: spleen, bile duct, gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, liver
• Retroperitoneal Organs: pancreas, ureters, kidneys, bladder
• J-shaped pouch like organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen beneath the diaphragm 

  Stomach
• a tubular-shaped organ extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve at the opening of the large intestine

  can measure from 10 feet to 30 feet

  Small Intestine
• • 1st and shortest section
  • significant role in digestion


  duodenum
• composed of circular mucosal folds that provide surface area for nutrient absorption


  jejunum
• absorbs bile salts Vitamin B12

  ileum
• tubular shaped organ extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus

  Large Intestine
• largest solid organ in the body lies directly below the diaphragm

  Liver
• pear-shaped sac located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

  Gallbladder
• Gallbladder stores approximately 30 to 50 ml of bile
• secretes bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes which aid in digestion

  exocrine
• secretes the hormone insulin, glucagon and gastrin

  endocrine
• largest lymph of the body oval in shape found at the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

  Spleen
• finger-like shape that extends off the lower cecum in the right lower quadrant

  Vermiform appendix
• bean-shaped organs that lie tucked against the posterior abdominal wall

  Kidneys
• the passageway of urine from the kidneys

  Ureters
• stores urine can hold 200 to 400 ml of urine

  Bladder
• Organs covered with peritoneum and held in place by mesentery


  Intraperitoneal Organs
• organs situated behind the peritoneum and without mesenteric attachment


  Retroperitoneal Organs
• examples of retroperitoneal (p,u,k,b)

  pancreas, ureter, kidney, bladder
• examples of intraperitoneal (s,bd,g,si,s,l,l)

  spleen, bile duct, gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, liver)
• 3 parts of duodenum

  ascending, transverse, descending